cardiac cycle

Question 1

atrial contraction is also called what

Answer 1

diastolic late phase filling

Question 2

atrial contraction: electrical event

Answer 2

firing of SA node - seen with P wave

Question 3

atrial contraction: mechanical event

Answer 3

contraction of atria

Question 4

atrial contraction: anatomically (valves)

Answer 4

a-v valves open

semilunar valves closed

Question 5

atrial contraction accounts for how much of ventricular filling

Answer 5

20-40%

Question 6

what does the QRS cause in the ventricles

Answer 6

depolarization

Question 7

in the wiggers diagram what produces the a wave

Answer 7

atrial systole

Question 8

systolic isovolumetric contraction: electrical event

Answer 8

peak of R wave

Question 9

systolic isovolumetric contraction: mechanical event

Answer 9

ventricles contract

atria relaxed

Question 10

systolic isovolumetric contraction: anatomically (valves)

Answer 10

all valves are closed

Question 11

systolic isovolumetric contraction: (volume amount)

Answer 11

no volume change

Question 12

what is end diastolic volume

Answer 12

amount of blood in left ventricle at end of diastole

Question 13

systolic rapid ejection: mechanical event

Answer 13

ventricular pressure exceeds arterial pressure, so rapid ejection of blood into arteries occurs

Question 14

systolic rapid ejection: anatomically (valves)

Answer 14

semilunar valves open

Question 15

in the wiggers diagram what produces the C wave

Answer 15

as ventricles contract a-v valves bulge back into atria

Question 16

reduced ejection phase: electrical event

Answer 16

produces “t” wave on the ecg

Question 17

reduced ejection phase: mechanical event

Answer 17

ventricle volume decreases, the ventricle pressure plateaus and decreases

Question 18

reduced ejection phase: anatomically

Answer 18

atrial pressure continues to rise during ejection period because of continued flow of blood into the atria

Question 19

in the wiggers diagram what produces the V wave

Answer 19

reduced ejection phase, in the arterial pressure waveform

Question 20

diastolic isovolumetric relaxation

Answer 20

blood impacts the semilunar valves and they snap shut

Question 21

diastolic isovolumetric relaxation: valves

Answer 21

all valves are closed, and there is no volume change

Question 22

what is the dicrotic notch and when does it occur

Answer 22

occurs during diastolic isovolumetric relaxation; and it is an abrupt shift in aortic pressure

Question 23

diastolic ventricular filling: mechanical event

Answer 23

atria have continued to fill and atria pressure exceed vent pressure

Question 24

diastolic ventricular filling: anatomically (valves)

Answer 24

a-v valves open

semilunar valves closed

Question 25

how long does diastolic ventricular filling last, and how much filling does it account for

Answer 25

it last for .1 second and accounts for 60-80% of filling

Question 26

electrical events must precede what

Answer 26

mechanical events

Question 27

what is key to the direction of blood flow

Answer 27

pressure events and pressure gradients

Question 28

what does blood volume rely on

Answer 28

chamber filling, filling pressures, and chamber emptying

Question 29

what are heart sounds normally associated with

Answer 29

valve closure