exercise physiology

Question 1

what is oxygen extraction

Answer 1

when oxygen is pulled from circulation to support cellular production of energy for muscle contraction

Question 2

how can you improve oxygen extraction

Answer 2

with endurance training

Question 3

what is the normal ca-vo2 difference

Answer 3

5vol%

Question 4

how much can ca-vo2 increase with maximum excercise

Answer 4

15vol%

Question 5

what is resting vo2

Answer 5

3.5 ml/kg/min

Question 6

what does maximum vo2 depend on

Answer 6

genetics, conditioning, presence/absence of disease

Question 7

how many mets does resting vo2 equal

Answer 7

1 met

Question 8

what is normal vo2 max greater than

Answer 8

84% of predicted

Question 9

how else can o2 consumption be predicted

Answer 9

from work rate

Question 10

what is vo2 peak

Answer 10

when exercise is stopped early due to dyspnea, pain, or peripheral vascular disease

Question 11

what is normal vco2

Answer 11

200ml/min or 2.8 ml/min/kg

Question 12

what does exhaled co2 depend on

Answer 12

matching of alveolar ventilation

Question 13

what does RER stand for

Answer 13

respiratory exchange ratio

Question 14

what does rer reflect

Answer 14

rq in low to moderate steady state exercise

Question 15

what is rer effected by

Answer 15

hypoventilation and hyperventilation

Question 16

what does greater than 1.0 indicate for rer

Answer 16

increased co2 from lactate buffering

Question 17

normal rer is

Answer 17

0.8

Question 18

what does rq stand for

Answer 18

respiratory quotient

Question 19

what does rq measure

Answer 19

ratio of vco2 to vo2 at tissues

Question 20

which has lower rq carbs or fat

Answer 20

fat

Question 21

what does minute ventilation depend on

Answer 21

paco2 and dead space

Question 22

what is ME usually less than in healthy ppl

Answer 22

70%

Question 23

do healthy ppl alter mvv during maximum exercise

Answer 23

no

Question 24

what is breathing reserve calculation

Answer 24

mvv-vemax

Question 25

how much does a healthy persons respiratory rate increase

Answer 25

triples

Question 26

in healthy individuals what happens to end expiratory lung volume

Answer 26

it decreases with exertion

Question 27

patients with copd what happens to end expiratory lung volumes

Answer 27

it increases with exertion causing a decrease in IC

Question 28

what is a normal vd/vt

Answer 28

less than 0.35 at rest

Question 29

what is normal vd/vt at maximal exertion

Answer 29

less than 0.25

Question 30

if you have an abg how can u calculate vd/vt

Answer 30

paco2-peco2/paco2

Question 31

what is peco2 in diseased lungs

Answer 31

greater than 10mmhg difference bw paco2 and peco2

Question 32

in a healthy patient does pA-ao2 change significantly - whats normal

Answer 32

no - 10mmhg difference

Question 33

in a healthy patient at maximal exertion what happens to PA-ao2

Answer 33

it increases to 20-30 mmhg

Question 34

when can peto2 increase

Answer 34

with hyperventilation associated with lactic acidosis

Question 35

what can early onset of lactic threshold come from

Answer 35

deconditioning or cardiovascular abnormality

Question 36

what is the normal value of LT

Answer 36

50-60% of vo2 max

Question 37

what are the clinical signs of LT

Answer 37

breathlessness, muscle burning, muscle fatigue

Question 38

what is the formula for predicted hr max

Answer 38

hr max = 220-age

Question 39

what is the formula for heart rate reserve

Answer 39

HRpredicted max - HRmax actual

Question 40

what should HRR be in normal patients

Answer 40

less than 15

Question 41

what does values outside normal range for HRR indicate

Answer 41

non-cardiovascular limations

Question 42

what is the formula for o2 pulse

Answer 42

vo2/hr

Question 43

what is the normal value for o2 pulse

Answer 43

greater than 80% or 2.5-4.0 ml o2 per heartbeat

Question 44

what is the formula for cardiac output

Answer 44

hr x sv

Question 45

what is the gold standard for measuring co

Answer 45

fick method

Question 46

referring to blood pressure what increases significantly and remains stable

Answer 46

systolic increase above 200 and diastolic remains stable around 90

Question 47

how is workload measured on a bike

Answer 47

in watts

Question 48

how is workload measured on a treadmill

Answer 48

metabolic equivalent

Question 49

how do u rate perceived exertion

Answer 49

borg rating for dyspnea and leg effort

Question 50

what does timed walk tests evaluates

Answer 50

evaluates functional performance