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236 spring 14 > ph > Flashcards

ph Flashcards

1
Q

what does a ph meter measure

A

activity not concentration

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2
Q

where is ph measured

A

blood plasma

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3
Q

why is intracellular fluid more acidic

A

there is no hemoglobin

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4
Q

what can variances in ph alter

A

enzyme activity, nerve and tissue function, and the heart

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5
Q

what does acid do with H+

A

releases

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6
Q

what does base do with H+

A

accepts

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7
Q

what are the symptoms of acidemia

A 
drowsiness
lethargy
disorientation
coma
death
CNS depression
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8
Q

what are the symptoms of alkalemia

A 
excitability 
irritability
arrhythmias
spasms
convulsions
death
CNS excitation
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9
Q

what type of gas does the lungs remove

A

co2 - volatile acids

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10
Q

what is co2 produced in healthy cells converted too and then back to what in venous blood

A

H2co3 then co2

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11
Q

what are the 2 ways the body deals with acids

A

acid excretion

acid buffering

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12
Q

what happens when the kidneys can’t excrete fixed acids

A

they build up in the body

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13
Q

what minimizes ph changes

A

buffer systems

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14
Q

what type of acids release more free hydrogen strong or weak

A

strong acid

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15
Q

what are the 2 types of buffering systems

A

bicarbonate and non-bicarbonate

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16
Q

what is the bicarbonate system made of

A

made of a weak acid and a salt of a conjugate base

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17
Q

what is the formula

A

h2co3/nahco3

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18
Q

what is the buffer distribution

A

bicarbonate buffer 53%

non-bicarbonate buffer 47%

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19
Q

what is the pk of bicarb

A

6.1

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20
Q

what ph does the buffer work best

A

w/in 1 ph of pk so 5.1-7.1

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21
Q

whats an open system

A

one of products or reactants can leave system

22
Q

what is an example of an open system

A

the hydrolysis equation

23
Q

what is the definition of pk

A

point at 50% dissociation acid/base neutral

24
Q

what is the law of mass action

A

dictates that the product of the concentrations on the right equals the concentration of the products on the left

25
Q

what is the henderson hasselbalch equation

A

ph = pk + log[hco3]/[h2co3]

26
Q

what is the pk of bicarbonate and carbonic acid

A

6.1

27
Q

can carbonic acid be measured

A

no it is to small

28
Q

what is linearly related with carbonic acid

A

co2

29
Q

what is the solubility coefficient for co2

A

.03

30
Q

whats the equation with the coefficient for co2 in place

A

ph = (6.1) + log 24mEq/L///(40)(0.03)

31
Q

where is co2 measured

A

extracellular plasma

32
Q

where can co2 be measured

A

plasma, icf, ecf

33
Q

how is co2 regulated

A

hydrolysis equation

34
Q

what does acidic co2 cause

A 
pinpoint pupils
lethargy
coma
hallucinations
headaches
peripheral vasodilation
35
Q

what does alkalodic co2 cause

A

dizziness
tingling fingers/toes
spasms/tetany
arrhythmias

36
Q

what happens when a concentration on one side of the hydrolysis equation is greater than the other side

A

it shifts to the lesser side

37
Q

what does the law of mass action say when something is added to the system

A

a new equilibration is reached, and if its added on the right, reaction will shift to the left

38
Q

what speeds up the hydrolysis equation inside the cell

A

the presence of enzyme carbonic anhydrase

39
Q

where is carbonic anhydrase

A

lungs and kidneys

40
Q

what determine the paco2

A

balnce of vco2 and va

41
Q

what does vco2 stand for

A

volume of co2 produced in a minute by metabolism

42
Q

what does va stand for

A

alveolar ventilation refers to the amount of fresh gas that reaches functional alveoli each minute

43
Q

paco2 is directly related to what

A

production

44
Q

paco2 is indirectly related to what

A

excretion

45
Q

what balances an increase in co2 production

A

increase in ventilation

46
Q

name when an increase in co2 can’t be offset by increase in ventilation

A

sepsis
burns
TPN
nahco3

47
Q

what happens to the hydrolysis equation when nahco3 is administered

A

makes the law of mass action go into effect and shifts equation to right

48
Q

what are the 4 ways co2 can be transported

A

dissolved or combined - bicarbonate, carbamino compounds, carbonic acid

49
Q

what are the 3 ways co2 is carried in the plasma

A

10%
dissolved co2 (5%)
hco3 (5%)
plasma proteins (<1%)

50
Q

what are the 3 ways co2 carried in RBC

A

90%
dissolved co2 (5%)
hco3 (63%)
carbamino compounds (21%)

51
Q

why is dissolved co2 important

A

it must be dissolved bc thats how it gets in and out of cell

236 spring 14 (13 decks)

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