ph

Question 1

what does a ph meter measure

Answer 1

activity not concentration

Question 2

where is ph measured

Answer 2

blood plasma

Question 3

why is intracellular fluid more acidic

Answer 3

there is no hemoglobin

Question 4

what can variances in ph alter

Answer 4

enzyme activity, nerve and tissue function, and the heart

Question 5

what does acid do with H+

Answer 5

releases

Question 6

what does base do with H+

Answer 6

accepts

Question 7

what are the symptoms of acidemia

Answer 7

drowsiness
lethargy
disorientation
coma
death
CNS depression

Question 8

what are the symptoms of alkalemia

Answer 8

excitability 
irritability
arrhythmias
spasms
convulsions
death
CNS excitation

Question 9

what type of gas does the lungs remove

Answer 9

co2 - volatile acids

Question 10

what is co2 produced in healthy cells converted too and then back to what in venous blood

Answer 10

H2co3 then co2

Question 11

what are the 2 ways the body deals with acids

Answer 11

acid excretion

acid buffering

Question 12

what happens when the kidneys can’t excrete fixed acids

Answer 12

they build up in the body

Question 13

what minimizes ph changes

Answer 13

buffer systems

Question 14

what type of acids release more free hydrogen strong or weak

Answer 14

strong acid

Question 15

what are the 2 types of buffering systems

Answer 15

bicarbonate and non-bicarbonate

Question 16

what is the bicarbonate system made of

Answer 16

made of a weak acid and a salt of a conjugate base

Question 17

what is the formula

Answer 17

h2co3/nahco3

Question 18

what is the buffer distribution

Answer 18

bicarbonate buffer 53%

non-bicarbonate buffer 47%

Question 19

what is the pk of bicarb

Answer 19

6.1

Question 20

what ph does the buffer work best

Answer 20

w/in 1 ph of pk so 5.1-7.1

Question 21

whats an open system

Answer 21

one of products or reactants can leave system

Question 22

what is an example of an open system

Answer 22

the hydrolysis equation

Question 23

what is the definition of pk

Answer 23

point at 50% dissociation acid/base neutral

Question 24

what is the law of mass action

Answer 24

dictates that the product of the concentrations on the right equals the concentration of the products on the left

Question 25

what is the henderson hasselbalch equation

Answer 25

ph = pk + log[hco3]/[h2co3]

Question 26

what is the pk of bicarbonate and carbonic acid

Answer 26

6.1

Question 27

can carbonic acid be measured

Answer 27

no it is to small

Question 28

what is linearly related with carbonic acid

Answer 28

co2

Question 29

what is the solubility coefficient for co2

Answer 29

.03

Question 30

whats the equation with the coefficient for co2 in place

Answer 30

ph = (6.1) + log 24mEq/L///(40)(0.03)

Question 31

where is co2 measured

Answer 31

extracellular plasma

Question 32

where can co2 be measured

Answer 32

plasma, icf, ecf

Question 33

how is co2 regulated

Answer 33

hydrolysis equation

Question 34

what does acidic co2 cause

Answer 34

``` pinpoint pupils lethargy coma hallucinations headaches peripheral vasodilation ```

Question 35

what does alkalodic co2 cause

Answer 35

dizziness tingling fingers/toes spasms/tetany arrhythmias

Question 36

what happens when a concentration on one side of the hydrolysis equation is greater than the other side

Answer 36

it shifts to the lesser side

Question 37

what does the law of mass action say when something is added to the system

Answer 37

a new equilibration is reached, and if its added on the right, reaction will shift to the left

Question 38

what speeds up the hydrolysis equation inside the cell

Answer 38

the presence of enzyme carbonic anhydrase

Question 39

where is carbonic anhydrase

Answer 39

lungs and kidneys

Question 40

what determine the paco2

Answer 40

balnce of vco2 and va

Question 41

what does vco2 stand for

Answer 41

volume of co2 produced in a minute by metabolism

Question 42

what does va stand for

Answer 42

alveolar ventilation refers to the amount of fresh gas that reaches functional alveoli each minute

Question 43

paco2 is directly related to what

Answer 43

production

Question 44

paco2 is indirectly related to what

Answer 44

excretion

Question 45

what balances an increase in co2 production

Answer 45

increase in ventilation

Question 46

name when an increase in co2 can't be offset by increase in ventilation

Answer 46

sepsis burns TPN nahco3

Question 47

what happens to the hydrolysis equation when nahco3 is administered

Answer 47

makes the law of mass action go into effect and shifts equation to right

Question 48

what are the 4 ways co2 can be transported

Answer 48

dissolved or combined - bicarbonate, carbamino compounds, carbonic acid

Question 49

what are the 3 ways co2 is carried in the plasma

Answer 49

10% dissolved co2 (5%) hco3 (5%) plasma proteins (<1%)

Question 50

what are the 3 ways co2 carried in RBC

Answer 50

90% dissolved co2 (5%) hco3 (63%) carbamino compounds (21%)

Question 51

why is dissolved co2 important

Answer 51

it must be dissolved bc thats how it gets in and out of cell