Rest and Sleep Flashcards
Exam 3
Rest
Rest refers to a condition in which the body is in a decreased state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed
Sleep
Sleep is a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and relative inactivity
What is sleep a part of?
Sleep is part of what is called the sleep–wake cycle
What is sleep a period of?
Sleep is a period of inactivity and restoration of mental and physical function
Wakefulness
Wakefulness is a time of mental activity and energy expenditure
Reticular activating system (RAS) facilitates what?
Facilitates reflex and voluntary movements
Reticular activating system (RAS) controls what?
Controls cortical activities related to state of alertness
What is the control center for sleeping and waking?
Hypothalamus
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)
How many stages?
Consists of four stages
Stages I and II of NREM:
Stages I and II: 5% to 50% of sleep, light sleep
Stages III and IV of NREM:
Stages III and IV—10% of sleep, deep-sleep states (delta sleep)
Delta sleep
Deep sleep states
Rapid eye movement (REM)- how long is it?
20% to 25% of a person’s nightly sleep time
What happens physiologically during REM
Pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, metabolic rate, and body temperature increase;
skeletal muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes are depressed
How does someone pass through the stages of sleep in NREM
The person passes consecutively through four stages of NREM sleep
After someone does through the four stages of NREM consecutively, what happens?
The pattern is then reversed
Return from stage IV to III to II
Enter REM sleep instead of re-entering stage I
What occurs during NREM when four stages are occurring in order? (I–>IV)
The person re-enters NREM sleep at stage II and moves on to III and IV.
Effects of Insufficient Sleep in children?
May affect normal growth and development in children
Effects of Insufficient Sleep in children and adults?
May increase obesity risk in both children and adults
Effects of Insufficient Sleep in adults?
Lowers leptin levels and elevates ghrelin levels
Leptin
hormone that tells the brain to stop eating
Ghrelin:
promotes continued eating
Factors Affecting Rest and Sleep
Developmental considerations
Motivation
Culture
Lifestyle and habits
Environmental factors
Psychological stress
Illness
Medications
How does exercise affect sleep?
Activity and exercise increase fatigue and can promote relaxation followed by sleep; increases both REM and NREM sleep; contributes to a more restful sleep
Dietary habits:
affect of sleep
Amino acid L-tryptophan promotes sleep
Small protein snack combined with a healthy complex carbohydrate before bed improves sleep
Large quantities of alcohol limit REM and delta sleep
Caffeine blocks the ability of adenosine to cause drowsiness
What is associated with poorer sleep?
Smoking and nicotine are associated with poorer sleep
Psychological Stress: What causes it?
Can be caused by illness or life situations
Psychological Stress: How does it affect sleep?
Disturbs sleep
Difficult to obtain the amount of sleep needed
REM sleep decreases, leading to anxiety and stress