Chapter 30: Medications

Question 1

Chemical name of drug

Answer 1

identifies drug’s atomic and molecular structure

Question 2

Generic Name of drug

Answer 2

assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug; derived from the chemical name

Question 3

Official name

Answer 3

name by which the drug is identified in official publications (typically generic name)

Question 4

Trade name:

Answer 4

brand name copyrighted by the company that sells the drug

Question 5

Ways to prepare drugs

Answer 5

1. Oral
2. Topical
3. Parenteral

Question 6

Oral Drugs

Answer 6

Capsule, pill, tablet, extended
release, elixir, suspension,
syrup

Question 7

Topical Drugs

Answer 7

Liniment, lotion, ointment,
suppository, transdermal
patch

Question 8

Parenteral

Answer 8

Injectable
Infusion
implantation

Question 9

How are drugs classified?

Answer 9

1. Classified by effect on body system;
2. Chemical composition;
3. Clinical indication or
   therapeutic action

Question 10

Two primary classifications of drugs

Answer 10

1. Pharmaceutical class
2. Therapeutic class

Question 11

Pharmaceutical class

Answer 11

Refers to the mechanism of action (MOA), physiologic effect (PE), and chemical structure (CS) of the drug

Question 12

Therapeutic Class

Answer 12

Refers to the clinical indication for the drug or therapeutic action (e.g., analgesic, antibiotic, or antihypertensive).

Question 13

Pharmacokinetics (Effect of Body on Drug)

Answer 13

1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion

Question 14

Factors Affecting Absorption of Medications:

Answer 14

1. Route of Administration
2. Lipid solubility
3. pH
4. Blood flow
5. Local conditions at the site of administration
6. Drug dosage

Question 15

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 15

Pharmacodynamics is the process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body

Question 16

Drug Receptor interaction

Answer 16

occurs when the drug interacts with one or more cellular structures to alter cell function

Question 17

Types of Adverse Drug Reactions

Answer 17

Side effects:

Allergic effects: anaphylactic
reaction

Drug tolerance

Toxic effect

Idiosyncratic effect

Drug interactions:
antagonistic and synergistic
effects

Question 18

Factors Affecting Drug Action

Answer 18

• Developmental considerations
• Weight
• Biologic sex
• Cultural and genetic factors
  (ethnopharmacology)
• Psychological factors
• Pathology
• Environment
• Timing of administration

Question 19

Therapeutic Range

Answer 19

Concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity

Question 20

Peak Level

Answer 20

Highest Plasma Concentration of a Drug

Question 21

Trough Level

Answer 21

The point when the drug is at its lowest concentration, indicating the rate of elimination

Question 22

Half Life

Answer 22

Amount of time it take for 50% of blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body

Question 23

Types of Medication Orders

Answer 23

Standing order (routine order)

PRN order

Single or one time order

Stat order

Question 24

Standing order (routine order)

Answer 24

Carried out until cancelled by another order

Question 25

PRN order

Answer 25

as needed

Question 26

Stat order

Answer 26

carried out immediately

Question 27

Parts of the medication order

Answer 27

Patient's name Date and time order is written Name of drug to be administered Dosage of drug Route by which drug is to be administered Frequency of administration of the drug Signature of person writing the order

Question 28

Three checks of medication administration

Answer 28

1. When the nurse reaches for the container or unit dosage package 2. After retrieval from the drawer and compared with the eMAR/MAR, or compared with the eMAR/MAR immediately before pouring from a multidose container 3. Before giving the unit dose medication to the patient or when replacing the multi-dose container in the drawer or shelf

Question 29

Most important rights of medication administration

Answer 29

Right medication Right patient Right dosage Right route Right time

Question 30

Controlled Substances Required Info

Answer 30

Name of patient receiving the controlled substance Amount of the substance used Hour the controlled substance was given Name of the prescribing provider Name of the nurse administering the substance

Question 31

Types of oral medications (different oral forms)

Answer 31

Solid form Liquid form

Question 32

Solid form drugs examples

Answer 32

Tablets, capsules, pills

Question 33

Liquid form example drugs

Answer 33

elixirs, spirits, suspensions, syrups

Question 34

Routes in which drugs are administered orally

Answer 34

Oral route Enteral route Sublingual administration Buccal administration

Question 35

Oral route

Answer 35

patient swallow drug

Question 36

Enteral route

Answer 36

administering drug through an enteral tube

Question 37

Sublingual administration

Answer 37

placing drug under tongue

Question 38

Buccal administration

Answer 38

placing drug between tongue and cheek

Question 39

Administration of Parenteral Meds

Answer 39

Subcutaneous injection Intramuscular injection Intradermal injection Intravenous injection Intra-arterial injection Intracardinal injection intraperitoneal injection intraspinal injection intraosseous injection

Question 40

Subcutaneous injection

Answer 40

subcutaneous tissue

Question 41

Intramuscular injection

Answer 41

muscle tissue

Question 42

Intradermal injection

Answer 42

corium (under epidermis)

Question 43

Intravenous injection

Answer 43

vein

Question 44

Intra-arterial injection

Answer 44

artery

Question 45

Intracardinal injection

Answer 45

heart tissue

Question 46

Intraperitoneal injection

Answer 46

peritoneal cavity

Question 47

intraspinal injection

Answer 47

spinal canal

Question 48

Intraosseous injection

Answer 48

Bone

Question 49

Criteria for Choosing Equipment for Injections

Answer 49

Route of administration Viscosity of the solution Quantity to be administered Body size Type of medication

Question 50

Sites ofr Intramuscular Injections

Answer 50

Ventrogluteal site Vastus lateralis site Deltoid muscle site Dorsogluteal site is no longer recommended.

Question 51

What type of medication is administered into the dermis?

Answer 51

Intradermal injections

Question 52

What injection has the longest absorption time of all parenteral routes

Answer 52

Intradermal injections

Question 53

What types of tests are intradermal injections used for?

Answer 53

Sensitivity test and local anesthesia

Question 54

Sites that are commonly used for intradermal injections

Answer 54

inner surface of the forearm upper back, under the scapula

Question 55

What is the dosage given intradermally?

Answer 55

is small, usually less than 0.5mL

Question 56

Where generally, are subcutaneous injections administered?

Answer 56

Administered into the adipose tissue layer just below the epidermis and dermis

Question 57

Various sites used for subcutaneous injections

Answer 57

Outer aspect of the upper arm Abdomen (from below the costal margin to the iliac crests) The anterior aspects of the thigh The upper back The upper ventral or dorsogluteal area

Question 58

What way of administering medications delivers medication directly into the blood stream?

Answer 58

IV

Question 59

What kind of effect does IV meds have/

Answer 59

Medication has an immediate effect and cannot be recalled or actions slowed Route most often used in emergency situation

Question 60

Topical Administration of Medications

Answer 60

Skin applications Eye instillations and irrigations Ear instillations and irrigations Nasal instillations Vaginal applications Rectal instillations

Question 61

Types of Medication Errors

Answer 61

* Inappropriate prescribing of the drug * Extra, omitted, or wrong doses * Administration of drug to wrong patient * Administration of drug by wrong route or rate * Failure to give medication within prescribed time * Incorrect preparation of drug * Improper technique when administering drug * Giving drug that has deteriorated