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NURS 402: Lecture > Chapter 30: Medications > Flashcards

Chapter 30: Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical name of drug

A

identifies drug’s atomic and molecular structure

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2
Q

Generic Name of drug

A

assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug; derived from the chemical name

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3
Q

Official name

A

name by which the drug is identified in official publications (typically generic name)

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4
Q

Trade name:

A

brand name copyrighted by the company that sells the drug

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5
Q

Ways to prepare drugs

A
  1. Oral
  2. Topical
  3. Parenteral
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6
Q

Oral Drugs

A

Capsule, pill, tablet, extended
release, elixir, suspension,
syrup

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7
Q

Topical Drugs

A

Liniment, lotion, ointment,
suppository, transdermal
patch

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8
Q

Parenteral

A

Injectable
Infusion
implantation

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9
Q

How are drugs classified?

A
  1. Classified by effect on body system;
  2. Chemical composition;
  3. Clinical indication or
    therapeutic action
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10
Q

Two primary classifications of drugs

A
  1. Pharmaceutical class
  2. Therapeutic class
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11
Q

Pharmaceutical class

A

Refers to the mechanism of action (MOA), physiologic effect (PE), and chemical structure (CS) of the drug

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12
Q

Therapeutic Class

A

Refers to the clinical indication for the drug or therapeutic action (e.g., analgesic, antibiotic, or antihypertensive).

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13
Q

Pharmacokinetics (Effect of Body on Drug)

A
  1. Absorption
  2. Distribution
  3. Metabolism
  4. Excretion
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14
Q

Factors Affecting Absorption of Medications:

A
  1. Route of Administration
  2. Lipid solubility
  3. pH
  4. Blood flow
  5. Local conditions at the site of administration
  6. Drug dosage
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15
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Pharmacodynamics is the process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body

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16
Q

Drug Receptor interaction

A

occurs when the drug interacts with one or more cellular structures to alter cell function

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17
Q

Types of Adverse Drug Reactions

A

Side effects:

Allergic effects: anaphylactic
reaction

Drug tolerance

Toxic effect

Idiosyncratic effect

Drug interactions:
antagonistic and synergistic
effects

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18
Q

Factors Affecting Drug Action

A
  • Developmental considerations
  • Weight
  • Biologic sex
  • Cultural and genetic factors
    (ethnopharmacology)
  • Psychological factors
  • Pathology
  • Environment
  • Timing of administration
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19
Q

Therapeutic Range

A

Concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity

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20
Q

Peak Level

A

Highest Plasma Concentration of a Drug

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21
Q

Trough Level

A

The point when the drug is at its lowest concentration, indicating the rate of elimination

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22
Q

Half Life

A

Amount of time it take for 50% of blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body

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23
Q

Types of Medication Orders

A

Standing order (routine order)

PRN order

Single or one time order

Stat order

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24
Q

Standing order (routine order)

A

Carried out until cancelled by another order

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25
Q

PRN order

A

as needed

26
Q

Stat order

A

carried out immediately

27
Q

Parts of the medication order

A

Patient’s name

Date and time order is written

Name of drug to be administered

Dosage of drug

Route by which drug is to be administered

Frequency of administration of the drug

Signature of person writing the order

28
Q

Three checks of medication administration

A
  1. When the nurse reaches for the container or unit dosage package
  2. After retrieval from the drawer and compared with the eMAR/MAR, or compared with the eMAR/MAR immediately before pouring from a multidose container
  3. Before giving the unit dose
    medication to the patient or when replacing the multi-dose container in the drawer or shelf
29
Q

Most important rights of medication administration

A

Right medication
Right patient
Right dosage
Right route
Right time

30
Q

Controlled Substances Required Info

A

Name of patient receiving the controlled substance

Amount of the substance used

Hour the controlled substance was given

Name of the prescribing provider

Name of the nurse administering the substance

31
Q

Types of oral medications (different oral forms)

A

Solid form

Liquid form

32
Q

Solid form drugs examples

A

Tablets, capsules, pills

33
Q

Liquid form example drugs

A

elixirs, spirits, suspensions, syrups

34
Q

Routes in which drugs are administered orally

A

Oral route

Enteral route

Sublingual administration

Buccal administration

35
Q

Oral route

A

patient swallow drug

36
Q

Enteral route

A

administering drug through an enteral tube

37
Q

Sublingual administration

A

placing drug under tongue

38
Q

Buccal administration

A

placing drug between tongue and cheek

39
Q

Administration of Parenteral Meds

A

Subcutaneous injection

Intramuscular injection

Intradermal injection

Intravenous injection

Intra-arterial injection

Intracardinal injection

intraperitoneal injection

intraspinal injection

intraosseous injection

40
Q

Subcutaneous injection

A

subcutaneous tissue

41
Q

Intramuscular injection

A

muscle tissue

42
Q

Intradermal injection

A

corium (under epidermis)

43
Q

Intravenous injection

A

vein

44
Q

Intra-arterial injection

A

artery

45
Q

Intracardinal injection

A

heart tissue

46
Q

Intraperitoneal injection

A

peritoneal cavity

47
Q

intraspinal injection

A

spinal canal

48
Q

Intraosseous injection

A

Bone

49
Q

Criteria for Choosing Equipment for Injections

A

Route of administration
Viscosity of the solution
Quantity to be administered
Body size
Type of medication

50
Q

Sites ofr Intramuscular Injections

A

Ventrogluteal site
Vastus lateralis site
Deltoid muscle site
Dorsogluteal site is no longer
recommended.

51
Q

What type of medication is administered into the dermis?

A

Intradermal injections

52
Q

What injection has the longest absorption time of all parenteral routes

A

Intradermal injections

53
Q

What types of tests are intradermal injections used for?

A

Sensitivity test and local anesthesia

54
Q

Sites that are commonly used for intradermal injections

A

inner surface of the forearm

upper back, under the scapula

55
Q

What is the dosage given intradermally?

A

is small, usually less than 0.5mL

56
Q

Where generally, are subcutaneous injections administered?

A

Administered into the adipose tissue layer just below the epidermis and dermis

57
Q

Various sites used for subcutaneous injections

A

Outer aspect of the upper arm

Abdomen (from below the costal margin to the iliac crests)

The anterior aspects of the thigh

The upper back

The upper ventral or dorsogluteal area

58
Q

What way of administering medications delivers medication directly into the blood stream?

A

IV

59
Q

What kind of effect does IV meds have/

A

Medication has an immediate effect and cannot be recalled or actions slowed

Route most often used in emergency situation

60
Q

Topical Administration of Medications

A

Skin applications

Eye instillations and irrigations

Ear instillations and irrigations

Nasal instillations

Vaginal applications

Rectal instillations

61
Q

Types of Medication Errors

A
  • Inappropriate prescribing of the drug
  • Extra, omitted, or wrong doses
  • Administration of drug to wrong patient
  • Administration of drug by wrong route or
    rate
  • Failure to give medication within
    prescribed time
  • Incorrect preparation of drug
  • Improper technique when administering
    drug
  • Giving drug that has deteriorated

NURS 402: Lecture (17 decks)

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