Respritory Flashcards
Goal of treating pneumonia
Clear breath sounds / normal breathing pattern
Goal of tb treatment
Normal pulmonary function
- teaching of disease/ not spreading
Copd main goal
Relief of symptoms - ability to do adls
- overall improve quality of life
Asthma goal
Have minimal symptoms during the day and night
- maintain acceptable activity levels
What need to be gathered during nursing assessment of a respiratory patient
Health history - meds/symptoms/ work habits
Physical assessment- labs / vitals
Types of pneumonia
Viral
Bacterial
Mycoplasma
Opportunistic
Opportunistic pneumonia
A decreased immune system causes a person to develop pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Abnormal entry of oral or gastric material into lower airway
Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia
Decreased level of consciousness
Difficulty swallowing
Insertion of nasogastric tube
How is pneumonia classified
According to causative organism, characteristics of disease
Radio graphic appearance
Signs and symptoms of pneumonia
Cough - productive or non predictive
Green yellow or rusted colored
Fever chills
Confusion
Tests for pneumonia
History/ physical exam
Chest x-ray
Bronchoscope
Blood culture
How is phenomena treated
Antibiotics
Nursing care for pneumonia
Collaborate with respiratory therapist
Collect any specimen
Give antibiotics
Oxygen
Promote hydration
Breathing excercises early ambulation
Nutritional therapy regarding pneumonia
Prevent dehydration
Small frequent high calorie meals
—- daily weight!,
Acute bronchitis
Self limiting inflammation of bronchi - most caused by viruses
What causes acute bronchitis
Pollution
Chemical inhalation
Smoking
Asthma
Pertussis
Wooping cough
- highly contagious
Tuberculosis (tb)
Infectious disease transmitted via airborne route from infected droplets of mycobacterium tuberculosis
How is tb transmitted
Close frequent prolonged exposure
Multi drug resistant tuberculosis
Resistant to most potent first line drugs - isoniazid and rifampin
What are some risk factors for tb
Poor underserved minorities
Homeless
I’ve drug users
Can latent tb be transmitted
No - just positive test but not active bacteria
Pulmonary tb usually takes how long to develop
2-3 weeks
How long do you wait for a tb test reading
48- 72 hours
Active tb disease drug therapy
Two phases - initial / continuation
Initial tb drug
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Pyazinamide
Ethambutol
Continuation tb Drugs
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Drug given for latent tb
Isoniazid
MDR TB
Sensitivity test helps determine drugs need
Bronchietasis
Airway damage due to build up of mucus
Emphysema
Damage to air sacs
Copd
Systemic disease
- chronic inflammation it is both excessive mucus (bronchitis) & damaged air sacs (emphysema)
Copd risk factors
Tobacco smoke
Passive smoking
Air pollutants
Age
Infection
Hiv
Tb
Main characteristic of Copd is the inability to _______ air
Expire
True or false
Not all patients with Copd with have sputum production
True
People with Copd with have an increase oh red blood cells
True or false
True
- due to trying to get more oxygen
What are some complications of Copd
Acute respiratory failure
Pulmonary hypertension
Pneumonia
Atelectasis
How is Copd diagnosis
History / physical exam
Spirometry - - confirm diagnosis to see how well you can breath in / out
What is an okay % of o2 for a Copd
88-92%
How high can a nose cannula go up to?
6L
Face mask can give how much oxygen
5- 8
Bronchodilators
Relax smooth muscle in airway
Asthma
Immune response triggered by something
Early phase response in asthma
30-60 minutes after exposure to allergen or irritants
Late phase response in asthma
Airway inflammation occurs 4-6 hours after initial attach due to activation of inflammatory cells
Short acting inhaled adrenergic agonist
Bronchodilator
Ex- albuterol
Corticosteroids
Anti inflammatory
- beclomethasone
Budesonide
- teach to give last since it leaves residue
Long acting inhaled b2 inhalers
Bronchodilators
Salmeterol
Formoterol
Short acting/ long acting muscarinic agonist
Anti cholinergic- reduces broncospasms
- ipratropium
Tiotropium
