Gi 2 Flashcards
What causes an appendicitis?
Obstruction of appendix lumen
- causing inflammation
Who is at risk for an appendicitis
Adolescents and young adults
What are some manifestations for appendicitis
Can be sudden or gradual onset
Often localized to McBurney’s point
May be aggregated by right hip extension
Tenderness
How is an appendicitis diagnosed
Ct or ultrasound
What are common antibiotics given for appendectomy?
Piperacillin / tazobactam
Ampicillin/ sulbactam
What are some complications from a appendicitis
Rupture
Heat application making it worse
Laxatives contraindicated
Peritonitis
Peritonaeum being inflamed
Signs and symptoms of peritonitis
Pain
Tenderness
Absent bowel sounds high fever
Tachycardia
Care for peritonitis
Meds - antibiotics/ sedatives
Position for comfort
Electrolytes
Vitals
I and o’s
Cdad
Non bloody diarrhea (5-10 watery stools/day)
Pseudombranous colitis
Profuse watery diarrhea (10-15 stools/day)
Common meds given for c diff
Metronidazole (flagy) - mild case
Oral vancomycin
Inflammatory bowel disease (ibs)
Unknown cause
- can be hereditary due to having multiple genes
- smoking = risk factor
Ulcerative colitis
Happens in colon only
- curative via colectomy
Crohn’s disease
any part of gi system
- no cure !,
Increase risk for terminal ileum cancer
How is IBD diagnosed
Endoscopy
Blood tests - cbc / c reative protein
Stool test - blood/mucus/ pus
Plain x-ray = blockages
Ct
Signs and symptoms of IBD
Rectal bleeding
Abdominal pain
Bloody diarrhea
Fever fatigue
IBD treatment
Bowel rest!!
— npo until bowel heals
Control inflammation
Decrease stress
Relieve pain
Common meds for IBD in mild cases
Gi anti inflammatory
Sulfasalazine
Mesalamine
Common meds for IBD for more severe cases
Corticosteroids
Short term symptom management
- loperamide ( Imodium)
- diphenoxylate ( lomotil)
Immune suppressants for IBD
Infiximab - remicade
Adalimumab - humira
Certolizumab - cimiza
Methotrexate- rheumatrex
Antibiotics for fistulas and abscesses
Metronidazole
Ciprofloxacin
Clarithromycin
Treatment for IBD
Colectomy
Or reward obstructions/ fistula
Diverticulitis
Develops from diverticulosis - small bulging pouch in gi tract
What is the most common manifestation of diverticulitis
Lower left quadrant pain
Fever
Treatment for diverticulitis
Npo initially- move to low fiber diet while healing
Oral antibiotics
Teach self care
Colon resection may be indicated if perfection or obstruction for diverticulitis
True or false
True
What patients are more likely to get a bowel obstruction
Adhesions
Hernias
Intumors
Intussusception vovulus
Part of bowel stuck in another piece of bowel
- common in kids
Paralytic ileus
Absent bowel sounds
- destined bowel
Nursing care for bowel obstructions
Bowel rest - npo/ iv fluids
Vitals every 4 hour
I& o’s
Ambulate!!
Colon cancer
Cancer of large intestine down
- usually preventable / curable w/ early detection
Risk factors for colon cancer
Males
Over 59 years old
African American
Obesity
Smoking
Low intake of veggies and fruit
How to decrease colon cancer risk
Active lifestyle
Calcium intake
Multivitamins
High fiber diet
Limit nsaids
Recommended screenings for colon cancer - normal risk individuals
Flexible sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
Fecal occult blood testing
How often should a individual test for colon cancer
Normal risk = 10 years
For risk = 5 years
There’s no early signs of colon cancer
True or false
True
Signs of colon cancer
Blood in stool
Change in stool shape
Cramping
New onset constipation
Abnormal weight loss
Carcinoma
Polypectomy or removal of abnormal cells via colonoscopy
Localized stage treatment
Resection of tumor
Regional stage treatment for colon cancer
Chemotherapy added to removal
Minimal stool comes out at 1st and consistency will depend on location
True or false
True
Stoma
Will look beefy red or pink
- part of bowel that is out on the body
What are ileostomy individuals a high risk for ?
Fluid/ electrolyte loss - especially k
Total colectomy
Entire colon removed
Individuals that get a total colectomy are at high risk for
Volume deficit
Electrolyte depletion
Several loose stools
