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Nursing > Gi 2 > Flashcards

Gi 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes an appendicitis?

A

Obstruction of appendix lumen
- causing inflammation

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2
Q

Who is at risk for an appendicitis

A

Adolescents and young adults

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3
Q

What are some manifestations for appendicitis

A

Can be sudden or gradual onset
Often localized to McBurney’s point
May be aggregated by right hip extension
Tenderness

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4
Q

How is an appendicitis diagnosed

A

Ct or ultrasound

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5
Q

What are common antibiotics given for appendectomy?

A

Piperacillin / tazobactam

Ampicillin/ sulbactam

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6
Q

What are some complications from a appendicitis

A

Rupture
Heat application making it worse
Laxatives contraindicated

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7
Q

Peritonitis

A

Peritonaeum being inflamed

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8
Q

Signs and symptoms of peritonitis

A

Pain
Tenderness
Absent bowel sounds high fever
Tachycardia

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9
Q

Care for peritonitis

A

Meds - antibiotics/ sedatives
Position for comfort
Electrolytes
Vitals
I and o’s

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10
Q

Cdad

A

Non bloody diarrhea (5-10 watery stools/day)

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11
Q

Pseudombranous colitis

A

Profuse watery diarrhea (10-15 stools/day)

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12
Q

Common meds given for c diff

A

Metronidazole (flagy) - mild case

Oral vancomycin

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13
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease (ibs)

A

Unknown cause
- can be hereditary due to having multiple genes
- smoking = risk factor

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14
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Happens in colon only
- curative via colectomy

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15
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

any part of gi system
- no cure !,
Increase risk for terminal ileum cancer

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16
Q

How is IBD diagnosed

A

Endoscopy
Blood tests - cbc / c reative protein
Stool test - blood/mucus/ pus
Plain x-ray = blockages
Ct

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of IBD

A

Rectal bleeding
Abdominal pain
Bloody diarrhea
Fever fatigue

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18
Q

IBD treatment

A

Bowel rest!!
— npo until bowel heals
Control inflammation
Decrease stress
Relieve pain

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19
Q

Common meds for IBD in mild cases

Gi anti inflammatory

A

Sulfasalazine
Mesalamine

20
Q

Common meds for IBD for more severe cases

Corticosteroids

A

Short term symptom management
- loperamide ( Imodium)
- diphenoxylate ( lomotil)

21
Q

Immune suppressants for IBD

A

Infiximab - remicade
Adalimumab - humira
Certolizumab - cimiza
Methotrexate- rheumatrex

22
Q

Antibiotics for fistulas and abscesses

A

Metronidazole
Ciprofloxacin
Clarithromycin

23
Q

Treatment for IBD

A

Colectomy
Or reward obstructions/ fistula

24
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Develops from diverticulosis - small bulging pouch in gi tract

25
Q

What is the most common manifestation of diverticulitis

A

Lower left quadrant pain
Fever

26
Q

Treatment for diverticulitis

A

Npo initially- move to low fiber diet while healing
Oral antibiotics
Teach self care

27
Q

Colon resection may be indicated if perfection or obstruction for diverticulitis

True or false

A

True

28
Q

What patients are more likely to get a bowel obstruction

A

Adhesions
Hernias
Intumors

29
Q

Intussusception vovulus

A

Part of bowel stuck in another piece of bowel
- common in kids

30
Q

Paralytic ileus

A

Absent bowel sounds
- destined bowel

31
Q

Nursing care for bowel obstructions

A

Bowel rest - npo/ iv fluids
Vitals every 4 hour
I& o’s
Ambulate!!

32
Q

Colon cancer

A

Cancer of large intestine down
- usually preventable / curable w/ early detection

33
Q

Risk factors for colon cancer

A

Males
Over 59 years old
African American
Obesity
Smoking
Low intake of veggies and fruit

34
Q

How to decrease colon cancer risk

A

Active lifestyle
Calcium intake
Multivitamins
High fiber diet
Limit nsaids

35
Q

Recommended screenings for colon cancer - normal risk individuals

A

Flexible sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
Fecal occult blood testing

36
Q

How often should a individual test for colon cancer

A

Normal risk = 10 years
For risk = 5 years

37
Q

There’s no early signs of colon cancer

True or false

A

True

38
Q

Signs of colon cancer

A

Blood in stool
Change in stool shape
Cramping
New onset constipation
Abnormal weight loss

39
Q

Carcinoma

A

Polypectomy or removal of abnormal cells via colonoscopy

40
Q

Localized stage treatment

A

Resection of tumor

41
Q

Regional stage treatment for colon cancer

A

Chemotherapy added to removal

42
Q

Minimal stool comes out at 1st and consistency will depend on location

True or false

A

True

43
Q

Stoma

A

Will look beefy red or pink
- part of bowel that is out on the body

44
Q

What are ileostomy individuals a high risk for ?

A

Fluid/ electrolyte loss - especially k

45
Q

Total colectomy

A

Entire colon removed

46
Q

Individuals that get a total colectomy are at high risk for

A

Volume deficit
Electrolyte depletion
Several loose stools

Nursing (5 decks)

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