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Nursing > Gastro 1 > Flashcards

Gastro 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cathartic

A

Medication that makes patient vomit / have diarrhea

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2
Q

Colonic irrigation

A

Washing out of the colon

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3
Q

What are the 4 main functions/ steps of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

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4
Q

Ingestion

A

Occurs in the mouth - mechanical breakdown of nutrients

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5
Q

Digestion

A

In stomach
- mechanically/ chemically prepares food for uptake by bodies cells

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6
Q

Absorption

A

Small intestine - absorbs digested food and transfers nutrients to circulation

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7
Q

What step of the Gi tract maintains fluid and electrolyte balance

A

Absorption

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8
Q

Elimination

A

Large intestine - eliminates of waste by defecation

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9
Q

Gastric mobility

A

Stomach secretes large volumes of gastric juices
Mucus
Hydrochloride acid
Pepsin
Intrinsic factors
Gastroferrin

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10
Q

Steps of gastric motility

A

Swallowing
Esophageal peristalsis
Stomac secretes juices
Gastric emptying

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11
Q

Intestinal mobility

A

Movements of small intestine facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients

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12
Q

Parts of small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jujunum
Ileum

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13
Q

Liver function

A

Produce bile to absorb fat soluble vitamins
Metabolize fats
Metabolize proteins
Carbs
Metabolic detoxification

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14
Q

Pancreas functions

A

Secrete enzymes & alkaline fluids to help in digestion

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15
Q

Gallbladder function

A

Store and concentrate bile between meals

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16
Q

What are some factors that affect normal bowel function?

A

Age
Diet!!
Physical activity
Psychological factors
Personal habits - eating late
Meds

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17
Q

What are some common gIsymptoms will you see in an older adult?

A

Decreased gastric motility
Decreased secretions from small intestine
Decreased liver size/function
Decreased enzyme production
Sense of smell decreases
Decrease taste buds
Teeth lost

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18
Q

What needs to be done during a assessment of the Gi system?

A

Health history / med history
Height / weight
Mouth
Abdomen- listen to bowels then palpate

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19
Q

Bristol stool chart

A

The standard of typing a persons stool

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20
Q

What are the 2 classifications of gi conditions

A

Non inflammatory
Inflammatory

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21
Q

Non inflammatory are considered

A

Constipation
Diarrhea
Incontinence
Hemorrhoids
Gerd
Ibs

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22
Q

Inflammatory acute

A

Appendicitis
Peritonitis
Gastroenteritis
Cholecystitis

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23
Q

Chronic inflammatory GI

A

Crohn’s disease
Diverticulitis
Ulcerative colitis

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24
Q

Gastritis

A

Breakdown of normal mucosal barrier that protects stomach from HCl - causing stomach lining to become inflamed

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25
Q

Common causes for gastritis

A

Meds like nsaids
H pylori

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26
Q

Treatment for gastritis

A

Eliminate meds/foods that cause it
Administering h2 blockers

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27
Q

Upper gi bleeds are found where

A

Stomach up

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28
Q

Severity of upper gi bleed

A

Loss of more than 1500 ml/ 25% of blood

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29
Q

Hematemesis

A

Frank blood
Or coffee ground emesis from stomach

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30
Q

Melena

A

Black tarry stools

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31
Q

Causes of UGIB

A

Food
Alcohol
Tumor s
Meds
Pud
Esophageal caprices

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32
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Little tears that can cause hemorrhaging

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33
Q

Lab diagnostics for UGIB

A

CBC
Bun
Pt/ ptt
Liver function

34
Q

What are nursing care for UGIB

A

Monitor shock secondary to gi bleed
I/o s
Abdominal exam
Fluid resuscitation/ prep for blood transfusion

35
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Erosion of the gi mucosa by HCl acid and pepsin

36
Q

Acute ulcer

A

Superficial erosion and minimal inflammation

37
Q

Chronic ulcer

A

Erodes through muscular wall
- can be intermittent throughout patients life

38
Q

Causes of peptic ulcers

A

Stress
Smoking
Medications
Psych distress
H pylori

39
Q

Duodenal ulcer

A

Most common type
- caused by a disease

40
Q

How to test for ulcers

A

Blood test
- cbc - ammonia
Amylase
Pylori test - c urea breath test

41
Q

How are ulcers treated

A

Rest
Diet modification- - 6 small meals a day
Medications
STOP nsaid use!!

42
Q

Common drugs for h pylori

A

Ppi reduces acid
Antibiotics - eliminates it
Ppi and antibiotics

43
Q

What are some complications from ulcers

A

Hemorrhage
Perforation - hurting allowing bacteria to spread
Smoking - delayed healing

44
Q

What are the type of Ulcer surgeries

A

Billroth 1
Billroth 2

45
Q

Billroth 1

A

Gastroduodenostomy
Stomach to dueodenum

46
Q

Billroth 2

A

Gastrojejunosromy
Stomach to jejunum

47
Q

Dumpling syndrome

A

Surgery reduces reservoir capacity of stomach and control of fluid entering small intestine
- goes directly through

48
Q

Biggest sign of dumping syndrome

A

Loud bs
- going to the bathroom right after eating

49
Q

Treatment for dumping syndrome

A

6 small meals / day
No fluid w/ meal
Avoid sweets

50
Q

Food borne illness commonly caused by

A

E. coli
- due to undercooked meats and contaminated fruits/ veggies

51
Q

Gerd

A

Reflex of gastric secretions into esophagus

52
Q

Treatment for Gerd

A

Weight loss
No smoking
No nsaid use
Head of bed raised during meals

53
Q

Four types of medications given for Gerd

A

H2 blockers
Ppi
Protectant
Prokinetic

54
Q

H2 blockers

A
  • decrease acid secretion

Ranitidine
Cimetidine - Tagamet
Famotidine - Pepcid

55
Q

Ppi

A

Inhibit production of HCl

Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Esomeprazole - nexium
Pantoprazole - proton is

56
Q

Protectant

A

Coats stomach
Sucralfate- carafate

57
Q

Prokinetic

A

Increase gastric motility

Metoclopramide - raglan

58
Q

Constipation

A

No BM in 3 days

59
Q

Types of enemas

A

Tap water
Normal saline
Cleaning
Soap sud

60
Q

Tap water enema

A

Erects lower osmotic pressure

61
Q

Cleaning enema

A

Cause irritation by causing normal saline / soap suds to stimulate peristalsis

62
Q

Oil retention enema

A

Lubricates to make stool to come out easier

63
Q

Bulk forming laxatives

A

Increase water in intestine

64
Q

Type of bulk forming laxative

A

Metamucil

65
Q

Lubricants

A

Coats feces making it easier to pass
- decrease in water and decrease absorption of fat soluble vitamins

66
Q

Stool softeners

A

Pull water into stool

67
Q

Example of stool softeners

A

Docucate sodium - colace

68
Q

Cathartics

A

Stimulate bowels
- cause peristalsis

69
Q

Example of cathartic

A

Senna
Dulcolox
Castor oil

70
Q

Saline laxatives

A

Osmotic effect that draws water into bowel
- stimulates peristalsis and lubricants

71
Q

Example of saline laxative

A

Milk of mag

72
Q

Diarrhea is considered the passage of

A

3 or more loose stools

73
Q

What causes c diff

A

Use of a long spectrum antibiotic that alters flora

74
Q

Treatments for diarrhea

A

Fluid replacement - electrolytes !!
Antibiotics

75
Q

What is the common antibiotic given for c diff

A

Flagella - metronidazole

76
Q

Flatulence

A

Abdominal fullness , pain and cramping from reduction in motility

77
Q

Emesis

A

Nausea and vomiting

78
Q

What do you need to take in to account when emesis is happening?

A

Color
Time of day
Stress

79
Q

Medications given for emesis

A

Campazine - phenergan
Raglan
Zofran
Dronabinol

80
Q

What should you consider post n/v of older adults?

A

Rehydration - fluid loss
Electrolytes- loss
Cardiac function - loss of potassium
Risk for falls - meds

81
Q

What are some nursing considerations for nasogastric decompression

A

Frequent ambulation
Encourage fluids
Slow diet advancement

Nursing (6 decks)

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