Fluids

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Delicate balance of fluids and electrolytes is maintained

Question 2

True or false

Subtle changes can occur that often go unrecognized and untreated

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or false

Timely assessment and interventions prevent complications and saved lives

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Where are bodily fluids found and gives examples

Answer 4

Intracellular and extracellular
- water
- electrolytes
- blood plasma
- proteins
- solutes

Question 5

What percentage of intracellular fluid is there in the body?

Answer 5

67 %

Question 6

What percentage of extracellular fluid in the body?

Answer 6

26%

Question 7

What makes up extracellular fluid?

Answer 7

Intravascular fluid
Cerebral fluid

Question 8

Intracellular fluid is

Answer 8

Inside the cell
- proteins , water, electrolytes, solutes

Question 9

Extracellular fluid is

Answer 9

Outside the cell
- - sodium!,

Question 10

Types of extracellular fluid

Answer 10

Whole blood - RBC / wbc/ plasma

Question 11

What is the most critical component of the body’s overall fluid balance

Answer 11

Extracellular fluid

Question 12

What are some causes of loss of intracellular fluid?

Answer 12

Diuretics
Bleeding
V/ d
Inadequate fluid intake

Question 13

Interstitial fluid

Answer 13

Outside the blood vessels & b/w cells

Question 14

Excess interstitial fluid is caused by

Answer 14

Edema

Question 15

Intrapleural

Answer 15

Lubricates space b/w pleura acts as cushion for lungs

Question 16

Synovial fluid function

Answer 16

Reduces friction between articulate cartilages of joints during movement

Question 17

Cerebral spinal fluid is where

Answer 17

Around brain and spinal cord to cushion from injury and provide nutrients

Question 18

What allows fluid to move

Answer 18

Osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure

Question 19

What factors help determine fluid movement?

Answer 19

Intact/ functioning vascular tissue
Normal protein levels
Adequate hydrostatic pressure inside blood vessels

Question 20

If albumin (enzyme) decreases what happens to homeostasis?

Answer 20

Edema
Leakage of intracellular fluid into interstitial areas causes a decrease in pressure

Question 21

Osmolality

Answer 21

Measure of concentration of dissolved solutes in blood

Question 22

What triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone in kidneys

Answer 22

Osmolality

Question 23

Osmolarity

Answer 23

Proportion of dissolved particles in an amount of fluid

Question 24

Osmolarity and Osmolality used interchangeably

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Hypervolemia is

Answer 25

Excess fluid volume

Question 26

What causes hypervolemia

Answer 26

Heart failure Kidney failure Cirrhosis

Question 27

Hypovolemia is

Answer 27

The loss of fluid greater then output

Question 28

What causes hypovolemia

Answer 28

V/d Excessive sweating Poor fluid intake

Question 29

What are the 3 types intravenous solutions?

Answer 29

Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

Question 30

Isotonic solutions are

Answer 30

Similar concentration as blood

Question 31

Hypotonic solutions

Answer 31

Lowers concentration of dissolved solutes than blood causing an imbalance

Question 32

A person is dehydrated what type of solution would you use?

Answer 32

Hypotonic

Question 33

Hypertonic solutions

Answer 33

Higher concentration of dissolved particles than blood

Question 34

Increase of solutes in intravascular space compared to cells

Answer 34

Hypertonic

Question 35

Why are electrolytes so important ?

Answer 35

Help w/ fluid regulation & bodily functions

Question 36

Electrolyte abnormalities help you understand normal ranges and causes of imbalances True or false

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Sodium normal range

Answer 37

136- 145

Question 38

What is the most abundant electrolyte in extracellular fluid ?

Answer 38

Sodium

Question 39

Hypernatremia

Answer 39

Elevated sodium in blood

Question 40

Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia

Answer 40

Lethargy, irritability Weakness Seizures - think neuro

Question 41

Hyponatremia

Answer 41

Low sodium - due to excessive h2o intake or diuretics

Question 42

Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia

Answer 42

Headache Confusion Coma

Question 43

Treatment for hyponatremia

Answer 43

3% Nacl Fluid restriction

Question 44

Potassium normal range

Answer 44

3.5 - 5.1

Question 45

What electrolyte is the most abundant in intracellular fluid?

Answer 45

Potassium

Question 46

What regulates potassium in the body?

Answer 46

Aldosterone in the kidneys

Question 47

Functions of potassium

Answer 47

Cardiac and neural function Muscle contractility

Question 48

Hyperkalemia

Answer 48

Increase in potassium in the blood

Question 49

What causes hyperkalemia

Answer 49

Kidney failure Metabolic acidosis

Question 50

Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia

Answer 50

Cardia Irribility Cramping Diarrhea

Question 51

Hypokalemia

Answer 51

Decreased/ low potassium in blood

Question 52

What causes hypokalemia

Answer 52

Excessive v/d Diuretics Lack of k in diet

Question 53

Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia

Answer 53

Weakness Arrhythmias Lethargy T ready pulse

Question 54

Calcium normal range

Answer 54

8.6 - 10.2

Question 55

What helps excretion and reabsorption of calcium

Answer 55

The parathyroid

Question 56

Hypercalcemia

Answer 56

Increased calcium in the blood

Question 57

Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia

Answer 57

N/v Comstipation Increased thirst/ urination Weakness

Question 58

Treatment for hypercalcemia

Answer 58

Decrease calcium intake Phosphate supplementation Hemodialysis W height bearing excercises

Question 59

Hypocalcemia

Answer 59

Decreased calcium in blood

Question 60

Signs and symptoms

Answer 60

Parenthesis’s Numbing / tingling of lips/ tongue/ hands/ feet Muscle cramps

Question 61

Treatment for hypocalcemia

Answer 61

Increased oral / iv calcium & vitamin d

Question 62

Signs of hypocalcemia

Answer 62

Chvostek’s sign - acute hypocalcemia, involuntary twitching of fracial muscle Trousseaus sign - hand spasms caused by BP cuff

Question 63

Normal range for phosphorus

Answer 63

2.5 - 4.0

Question 64

Where is phosphorus found in the body?

Answer 64

Bone’s & intracellular fluid

Question 65

Why is phosphorus important?

Answer 65

Energy metabolism RNA/dna formation Nerve function Muscle contractions

Question 66

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer 66

Increase of phosphorus in the blood

Question 67

Treatment for hyperphosphatemia

Answer 67

Decrease phosphorus binder medications Hemodialysis

Question 68

Hypophosphatemia

Answer 68

Decrease of phosphorus in the blood

Question 69

Treatment for hypophosphatemia

Answer 69

Treat for underlying cause Oral/ if replacement

Question 70

What causes hypophosphatemia? Chronic or acute?

Answer 70

Acute - burns, diuretics, respiratory alkalosis Chronic - hyperthyroidism / vitamin d deficiency

Question 71

Magnesium normal level

Answer 71

1.5 - 2.4

Question 72

Why is magnesium essential?

Answer 72

Cardiac Nerve muscle and immune system

Question 73

Hypermagnesmia

Answer 73

Elevated level in blood

Question 74

What is a common cause of hypermagnesemia?

Answer 74

Renal failure

Question 75

Signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia

Answer 75

Bradycardia Weak pulse Lethargy Tremors Cardiac arrest

Question 76

Treatment for hypermagnesemia

Answer 76

Increase fluids Hemodialysis

Question 77

Hypomagnesemia

Answer 77

Decrease magnesium in blood

Question 78

What causes hypomagnesemia

Answer 78

Inadequate amount in diet Loop diuretics

Question 79

Signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia

Answer 79

N/v Lethargy Leg cramps Tremors Dysrhythmias

Question 80

Signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia

Answer 80

N/v Lethargy Leg cramps Tremors Dysrhythmias

Question 81

Treatment for hypomagnesemia

Answer 81

Increase dietary intake Oral/is supplements

Question 82

Chloride normal range

Answer 82

95-105

Question 83

What is chloride responsible for

Answer 83

Maintain ping acid base balance

Question 84

Hypochloremia

Answer 84

Low levels in blood <95

Question 85

What a causes hypochloremia

Answer 85

Dehydration No tube Diuretics Burn Metabolic alkalosis

Question 86

Signs and symptoms of hypochloremia

Answer 86

V/d Tachycardia

Question 87

Treatment for hypochloremia

Answer 87

I’ve solution / treat

Question 88

Hyperchloremia

Answer 88

High levels in blood > 105

Question 89

Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia can show as hyperchloremia True or false

Answer 89

True Fatigue Restless Increased reflexes Extreme thirst Decreased urinary output / dry skin/ mouth

Question 90

Bicarbonate normal range

Answer 90

22-26

Question 91

Functions of bicarbonate

Answer 91

Acts as buffer to maintain ph Helps with acid base balance Kidneys regulate level s

Question 92

Increase or decrease in bicarbonate will cause

Answer 92

Diarrhea Liver failure Renal disease