Responses to exercise Flashcards
Acute Circulatory responses to physical activity
Increased cardiac output, increased heart rate, increased stroke volume, increased blood pressure, Temperature regulation and Selective redistribution.
Acute Respiratory responses to physical activity
Increased respiration rate and increased gas exchange.
Increased cardiac output (acute)
Total amount of blood the heart pumps every minute increases
Increased heart rate (acute)
The amount of times a heart beats per minute will increase. This is because during exercise the muscles require more oxygen rich blood.
Explain how heart rate changes in proportion to physical activity
Depending on the strain of exercise the heart will contract at an appropriate rate.
Increased stroke volume (actute)
Increase in the amount of blood pumped in one beat. Will send more O2 to the working muscles.
Increased Blood pressure (acute)
More blood is pumped through the arteries so there is more pressure on the artery walls.
Temperature Regulation (acute)
Muscles will create heat when they are exercising to avoid overheating, the blood acts as a heat regulator.
How does the blood cool down the body during exercise?
More blood will be sent to the skin, therefore the blood vessels will dilate allowing this to occur. This causes sweat which will reduce temp of the skin.
Acute responses to exercise
Responses that occur immediately
Chronic responses to excercise
Responses that occur in the long term (training)
List the cardiovascular chronic responses to exercise.
Increased SV, Increased max cardiac output, Increase in blood volume and haemoglobin, decrease in blood pressure and Heart rate, increased number of capillaries.
Increased respiratory rate
There is an increase in the need for more oxygen and the removal of CO2 during exercise. The rate will increase to meet the bodies demand for O2 and supply it to the working muscles.
Increase in gaseous exchange
During exercise the need for O2 in the bloodstream increases and to allow for this more CO2 needs to be removed from the bloodstream. This happens via diffusion.
Selective redistribution
The arteries will open (dilate) and contract to allow more or less blood to enter parts of the body. This will increase the amount of blood going to working muscles.
Increase in stroke volume (chronic)
The amount of blood being pumped in one beat will increase because the heart will become more efficient once being trained.
Increased maximum cardiac output (chronic)
Increased in the amount of blood pumped per minute. This increases because the stroke volume increase and because of efficiency of the heart.
Increased total blood volume and haemoglobin (chronic)
There is a slight increase in haemoglobin concentration, which allows more O2 to move around the bloodstream. Majority of blood increase is the plasma which will allow for better temp regulation.
Decreased blood pressure (chronic)
Trained individuals have a lower blood pressure particularly when exercising. This is down to the capillarisation around the heart.
Increased number of capillaries (chronic)
Training increases the number of capillaries around the cells and at the site of the muscle and lungs.
Decreased heart rate at exercise and rest (chronic)
The heart doesn’t need to work as hard to provide the required oxygen and nutrients to the muscles.
List the chronic respiratory responses
increase ventilatory efficiency and maximum oxygen consumption.
Increase ventilatory efficiency
This occurs because of more efficient gas exchange. The muscles responsible for breathing don’t need as much Oxygen therefore more oxygen can be sent to the working muscles.
Maximum oxygen consumption
Oxygen uptake increases as the anerobic is the dominant energy provider. Once we are at a steady state during exercise it means our oxygen demand has been met by the oxygen suppy.
