Respiratory system Flashcards
revise
Gaseous Exchange
Occurs between the alveoli and the capillaries. the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs
Functions of the respiratory system
Deliver oxygen from the atmosphere to the lungs, Provide method of gaseous exchange within the lungs, create speech as air passes over the vocal cords, facialitate a sense of smell.
Diffusion
the movement of gas from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Where does gas exchange occur?
In the sites of the alveoli
Diffusion in the alveoli
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into capillaries across a one-cell-thick membrane, while CO₂ moves in the opposite direction
Pharnynx
Serves as a pathway for air moving from the nasal cavity to the larynx
What is inspiration
Inspiration (inhalation) is the process of moving air INTO the lungs.
What is expiration?
Expiration (exhalation) is the process of moving air OUT of the lungs.
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?
Contracts
What happens to the Intercostal muscles during inspiration?
They Contract
What happens to the Rib cage during inspiration?
It moves up and out
What happens to the Volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration
It increases
What happens to air pressure in lungs during inspiration
Decreases
What happens to the Movement of the air during inspiration?
Outside (high pressure) → Inside (low pressure)
What happens to the diaphragm during expiration
It relaxes
What happens to the intercostal muscles during expiration
They relax
What happens to the rib cage during expiration
It moves down and in
What happens to the thoracic cavity during expiration
The volume decrdases
What happens to the Air pressure in lungs during expiration
It increases
How does the air move in the lungs during expiration
Inside (low pressure) → Outside (high pressure)
Function of the nasal cavity
Filters , warms and humidifies incoming air can detect odors.
Alveoli
Microscopic air sacs where the exchange of oxygen and CO2 occurs between the lungs and blood.
Diaphragm
A muscle that contracts and relaxes to facilitate breathing by changing the volume of the thoracic cavity.
Intercostal Muscles
Muscles located between the ribs that assist with the expansion and contraction of the rib cage during breathing.
Ribs
Protect the lungs. Aid breathing by expanding and contracting with the intercostal muscles.
Larynx
Contains vocal cords for sound protection and routes air to trachea.
Trachea
Is made up of cartilage and provides a clear airway for air to enter and exit the lungs. Is lined with mucus to trap and expel dusts.
Bronchi
Two main branches from the trachea leading into each lung.
Bronchioles
Smaller air passages that distribute air throughout the lungs.
Alveoli
Microscopic aria sacs where the exchange of oxygen and CO2 occurs.
Lungs
The main organs of respiration where gas exchange occurs and contains millions of alveoli.
