Response To Altered Perception Flashcards
➢is a medical imaging procedure
that uses x-rays and digital
computer technology to create
detailed pictures of the body
a non-invasive,
painless and uses a small
amount of radiation to produce
images; it has a high degree of
sensitivity for detecting lesions.
Computerized Tomography CT scan
is a test that uses powerful
magnets, radio waves, and a
computer to make detailed
pictures of the inside of your
body
Magnetic resonance imaging MRI
➢ is a type of nuclear medicine imaging.
➢ is a nuclear imaging technology that enables
visualization of metabolic processes in the body.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
➢is an angiographic procedure that involves inserting a catheter
into a blood vessel in the groin or arm
Cerebral Angiography
is the pressure required to move sufficient amounts of blood to the
brain (cerebral blood flow), which maintains life and prevents brain
ischemia.
➢defined as the difference between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and
ICP or central venous pressure, whichever is higher.
Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)
Normal CPP
60-100 mmHG
Normal MAP
70-100 mmHG
Normal ICP
10-15 mmHG
are the ones whose patient care
requires ICP monitoring as they have expertise in neurological
assessment and monitoring device management.
Neuroscience nurses
➢is a pressure wave along the artery that offers
various information on cardiovascular
conditions.
Pulse wave form
is a non-invasive, painless ultrasound
technique that uses high-frequency sound
waves to measure the rate and direction of
blood flow inside vessels.
➢The test examines and records the speed of
the blood flow in arteries known as the
Circle of Willis, which are located at the
base of the brain.
Transcranial doppler
➢a valuable tool to assess brain
function
➢provides noninvasive, real-time
information about brain activity
➢Small flat metal discs called
electrodes are attached to your scalp
with wires
❖ Avoid eating or drinking anything containing caffeine for atleast 8 hrs. before the test
Continuous electroencephalogram
(EEG)
is the most common scoring system used to describe the level of
consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury.
Glasgow coma scale GCS
is a standardized
tool that is commonly used to assess patients suspected of experiencing
an acute cerebrovascular accident (i.e., stroke)
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
is commonly used to
assess a patient’s cognitive status when there is a concern of
cognitive impairment.
➢is sensitive and specific in detecting delirium and dementia
Mini-Mental Status Exam
Ask the patient if they have noticed any
change in sense of smell
Olfactory nerve
should be examined by various
modalities:
• Visual Acuity (VA) – Assess VA with a Snellen chart
Optic nerve
(Assessment
of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI):
• Pupillary light reflex
• Pupillary accommodation
• Ocular movements
Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves
• Sensation requires both light touch and pin prick
assessment
• Motor function is checked by the muscles of
mastication
Trigeminal nerve
• Initially assess for symmetry in the face at rest
• Ask the patient to perform the following
movements
Facial nerve
Hearing can be assessed by whispering a number into each
ear separately, making a distracting noise with your fingers
in the contralateral ear, and asking the patient to repeat
-If any hearing loss suspected, perform Rinne’s and Weber’s
test
Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII
CN IX and CN X
nerves can be assessed together:
• Ask the patient to open the mouth wide and say ‘ah’, using
a tongue depressor to visual the palate and posterior
pharyngeal wall (assessing CN IX and X)
Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves
is a purely motor branch to the
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles:
Accessory nerve
can be assessed by asking the
patient to turn their head to each side, against the
examiners resistance
Sternocleidomastoid
