Elimination Alteration Metabolism Flashcards
Non-invasive is a “snapshot” assessment of
patient urine at one point in time. A valuable
screening tool for urinary tract
infections, kidneys diseases, and
other conditions.
Urinalysis
This is to know how much urine the
body is producing in a day or how
much of a particular substance is
eliminated in a day.
24-urine collection
24-urine collection. Collecting may begin at any time but it is usually started in
the morning when patient wake up at approximately what time?
8:00 in the morning
This non-invasive diagnostic exam uses sound waves to
create images of the kidney(s). ________ can
assess the size, location and shape of the kidneys,
ureters and bladder.
Renal Ultrasound
Preperations needed for Renal Ultrasound:
❖EAT/DRINK: Drink a minimum of 24 ounces of clear
fluid at least one hour before the appointment. Do not
empty the bladder prior to the procedure.
❖No Fasting or sedation
❖Consent sign
❖Patient may resume their usual diet and activities
unless their physician advises them differently.
➢refers to a series of X-rays taken of the kidneys, their collecting or
drainage system (the ureters), and the bladder.
➢is commonly done to identify diseases of the urinary tract, such as
kidney stones, tumors, or infection.
Serum studies intravenous pyelography
Preperations needed for Serum studies intravenous pyelography
❖Inform your physician if there are any allergies, especially to
iodinated contrast materials.
❖Those with diabetes who are taking metformin (Glucophage) will
have to discontinue this medication prior to and for 2 days after the
IVP
❖ Preparation will involve the use of laxatives and, in some cases,
enemas to cleanse the bowel of stool.
❖NPO for 8-12 hours before the test is done.
is the syndrome in which glomerular
filtration declines abruptly from hours to
days and is usually reversible.
Acute Renal Failure
The main causes of acute renal failure are:
Not enough blood flow to the kidneys
Direct damage to the kidneys
Urine backed up in the kidneys
is a condition involving a decrease in the
kidneys’ ability to filter waste and fluid from the
blood.
➢It is chronic, meaning that the condition develops
over a long period of time and is not reversible.
Chronic Renal Failure
also referred to as fluid replacement
➢this fluids are administered to improve cardiac and
tissue oxygenation, which in part depends on flow
Fluid resuscitation
which are solutions of electrolytes in
water that cross freely from the vascular space
into the interstitium
➢are the most commonly administered intravenous
fluid.
Crystalloids
Examples of crystalloids
PNSS and PLR
which contain large molecules that
cannot permeate healthy capillary membranes.
➢ are recommended as “first-line” for fluid
resuscitation in such common critical illnesses as
sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, and cardiac arrest.
Colloids
Examples of colloids
human plasma (albumin) and semisynthetic
colloids (starches, gelatins, and dextrans).
the inside lining of patient own belly
acts as a natural filter. Wastes are
taken out by means of a cleansing fluid
called dialysate, which is washed in
and out of patient belly in cycles.
➢This process usually is done three, four
or five times in a 24-hour period while
patient are awake during normal
activities. Each exchange takes about
30 to 40 minutes.
Peritoneal dialysis
Two kinds of peritoneal dialysis
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal
Dialysis (CAPD) and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)
is “continuous,” machine-free and done
while patient go about their normal
activities such as work or school.
➢This is done by hooking up a plastic bag
of cleansing fluid to the tube in their
belly. patients need to do 4
exchanges per day
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal dialysis CAPD
A machine (cycler) delivers and then drains the
cleansing fluid automatically. The treatment usually
is done at night while patient’s sleep.
➢Machine has 3 main function:
oHeat PD fluid to body temperature
oControls time of exchange and amount of fluid
used
oMonitor treatment safety alarm
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis APD
is a treatment to filter
wastes and water from
patient’s blood, as the
patient kidneys did when
they were healthy.
➢ helps control blood
pressure and balance
important minerals, such as
potassium, sodium, and
calcium, in your blood.
Hemodialysis
Three types of entrance points of dialysis are:
Arteriovenous (AV) fistula, AV graft, Vascular access catheter
is a special type of dialysis that we do for
unstable patients in the ICU whose bodies cannot
tolerate regular dialysis.
➢ is a slower type of dialysis that puts less stress
on the heart. is done 24 hours a day to slowly and
continuously clean out waste products and fluid
from the patient.
➢ It requires special anticoagulation to keep the
dialysis circuit from clotting.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
(CRRT)
refers to the practice of limiting
the intake of electrolytes.
Electrolytes restriction
are minerals that
carry an electric charge and are
found in your blood, urine, and
sweat.
Electrolytes
