Gastrointestinal

Question 1

o noting skin changes, nodules,
lesions, scarring, discolorations,
inflammation, bruising, or striae.
o contour and symmetry of the
abdomen

Answer 1

Inspection

Question 2

It is used to determine the character,
location, and frequency of bowel sounds
and to identify vascular sounds.

Answer 2

Auscultation

Question 3

heard about every 5 to 20 seconds

Answer 3

Normal sounds

Question 4

(one or two sounds in 2 minutes)

Answer 4

Hypoactive

Question 5

(five to six sounds heard in less than 30
seconds)

Answer 5

Hyperactive

Question 6

(no sounds in 3 to 5 minutes) are frequently
used in documentation

Answer 6

Absent

Question 7

To assess the size and
density of the abdominal
organs and to detect the
presence of air-filled,
fluid-filled, or solid
masses.

Answer 7

Percussion

Question 8

Non-invasive The stool test looks for hidden (occult) blood in a stool sample.
- It is the most common type of fecal occult blood test (FOBT).

Answer 8

Guaiac test

Question 9

Non-invasive ➢ is a type of Nuclear Medicine testing that
uses a radioactive material to determine
the structure of the liver, gallbladder and
biliary ducts.

Answer 9

Hepatobiliary scan with CCK

Question 10

a hormone
typically released by the body after a meal—it
forces the gallbladder to contract, allowing us
to see how well it is functioning.

Answer 10

CCK Cholecystokinin

Question 11

Invasive- is the use of a glucose meter for testing
the concentration of glucose in the
blood.
Normal Value – 80- 120 mg/dl

Answer 11

Bpood glucose monitoring

Question 12

heart disease
nerve damage
vision problems
poor blood flow
kidney disease

Answer 12

High-blood sugar levels

Question 13

confusion
weakness
dizziness
jitters
sweating

Answer 13

Low-blood sugar levels

Question 14

Invasive- is a procedure that examines the esophagus, stomach
and first portion of the duodenum (small intestine) using
a long flexible tube with a camera at the end of it.

Answer 14

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Question 15

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy EGD preperations:

Answer 15

NPO 6 hours prior to the procedure.
Do not take any antacids, aspirin, or ibuprofen
Remove dentures
Sign an informed consent form

Question 16

is a procedure to diagnose and treat problems in the
liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas. It
combines X-ray and the use of an endoscope—a long,
flexible, lighted tube.

Answer 16

Endoscopic Retrograde
Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Question 17

is a test to find out the cause of a blockage in your bile duct.

Answer 17

Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
(PTC)

Question 18

is a procedure in
which a small
needle is inserted
into the liver to
collect a tissue
sample.

Answer 18

Liver biopsy

Question 19

is a potentially life-threatening
abdominal emergency that remains a
common cause of hospitalization.

Answer 19

Acute GI bleeding

Question 20

is a collection of pus or infected fluid
that is surrounded by inflamed tissue
inside the belly. It can involve any
abdominal organ or it can settle in the
folds of the bowel.

Answer 20

Intra-abdominal abscess

Question 21

affect all body systems, most notably the cardiac, respiratory,
renal, and neurologic systems.
➢ occurs when tissue fluid within the peritoneal and
retroperitoneal space accumulates in such large volumes that
the abdominal wall compliance threshold is crossed and the
abdomen can no longer stretch.

Answer 21

Hypertension and abdominal
compartment syndrome

Question 22

6 P’s

Answer 22

Pain
Poikilothermia
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pulseleness
Paralysis

Question 23

is a life-threatening condition that demands
urgent medical care.
➢It’s most commonly caused by a hepatitis virus
or drugs, such as acetaminophen

Answer 23

Liver failure

Question 24

is an inflammatory condition of the
pancreas that is painful and at times
deadly.

Answer 24

Acute pancreatitis

Question 25

Acute pancreatitis is most often
linked to:

Answer 25

Gallstones
Drinking too much alcohol
Unknown

Question 26

specializing in the treatment of obesity

Answer 26

Bariatrician

Question 27

is an acute, major, life-threatening complication
of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia,
ketoacidosis, and ketonuria.
➢is a build-up of acids in the blood. It can happen
when the blood sugar is too high for too long.
❖Breath that smells fruity (like pear drop sweets,
or nail varnish)

Answer 27

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 28

➢refers to high levels of sugar, or glucose, in the
blood. It occurs when the body does not produce or
use enough insulin, which is a hormone that
absorbs glucose into cells for use as energy.

Answer 28

Hyperglycemia

Question 29

is a clinical condition that arises from a
complication of diabetes mellitus
➢It involves extremely high blood sugar (glucose)
level without the presence of ketones

Answer 29

Hyperosmolar Non ketotic acidosis

Question 30

➢ A fluid that patient have to put back to a former or original
state.

Answer 30

Volume restoration

Question 31

A nasogastric (NG) tube is a flexible plastic tube inserted
through the nostrils, down the nasopharynx, and into the
stomach or the upper portion of the small intestine.

Answer 31

Nasogastric suction tubes

Question 32

in the control
of active variceal bleeding comes as a last
resort when other forms of therapy are not
available or fail to achieve hemostasis.

Answer 32

Esophagogastric balloon tamponade
tubes

Question 33

reconstruction consists
of a gastroduodenostomy in which
the anastomosis is created between
the gastric remnant and the
duodenum

Answer 33

Billroth I

Question 34

reconstruction
consists of a gastrojejunostomy in
which a side-to-side anastomosis is
created between the gastric remnant
and a loop of jejunum, with closure
of the duodenal stump

Answer 34

Billroth II

Question 35

is a procedure that may
be used to reduce portal
hypertension and its
complications, especially
variceal bleeding.

Answer 35

Trans jugular
intrahepatic
portosystemic
shunt

Question 36

is a surgical procedure that removes a
liver that no longer functions properly
(liver failure) and replaces it with a
healthy liver from a deceased donor or a
portion of a healthy liver from a living
donor.

Answer 36

Liver transplantation

Question 37

are used to replenish electrolytes in
body fluids, such as sodium,
potassium, calcium, magnesium,
phosphorus, chloride and
bicarbonate.

Answer 37

Electrolyte replacement

Question 38

➢the process of fast restoring lost water
( dehydration) to the body tissues and fluids.
➢prompt rehydration is imperative whenever
dehydration occurs, from diarrhea, exposure,
lack of drinking water, or medication use.
➢rehydration can be by the oral route or by the
intravenous administration of fluids.

Answer 38

Rapid hydration

Question 39

is a well-known natural treatment for diarrhea.
➢ It can help treat some of the causes of diarrhea and
relieve gastrointestinal symptoms.
➢ The phenolic compounds in _____ are known to
help relieve gastrointestinal (GI) irritation, stimulate
saliva and bile production, and suppress gastric
contractions as food and fluids move through the GI tract

Answer 39

Ginger

Question 40

Studies have suggested that
_______ contains a hypoglycemic
polypeptide, a plant insulin
responsible for its blood sugar
lowering effect. Other benefits
suggested were body detoxification
(including removal of nicotine),
strengthening of the immune
system and fertility regulation.

Answer 40

Bitter fruit (ampalaya)