Response and regulation

Question 1

The nervous system

Answer 1

• 5 organs which contain receptor cells
• they detect external - stimuli and send an electrical signal along neurons to the central nervous system.
• Made up from the brain and spinal cord to coordinate response.

Question 2

name the stimulus for each organ
- eye
- ear
- nose
- tongue
- skin

Answer 2

• light
• sound
• chemical smells
• chemical tastes
• pain , pressure , temp

Question 3

What is reflex response?

Answer 3

• Rapid
• Automatic
• Generally protective

Question 4

what is a reflex arc?

Answer 4

• Path taken by an electrical impulse for a stimulus to response by an efector
• Withdrawal action reflex is shown here an automatic reaction from a hot pan causes a quick withdrawal.

Question 5

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 5

• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environmental

Question 6

What is regulating glucose?

Answer 6

• amount of glucose in your blood is controlled by hormones

Question 7

What does eating do to the glucose in your blood?

Answer 7

• increases glucose in the blood
• Pancreas detects increase and releases the hormone insulin into the blood
• insulin travels to liver turns insulin into insoluble glycogen for storage
  -Glucose levels return to normal levels

Question 8

what does exercise do to the glucose in your blood?

Answer 8

• decreases glucose in your blood
• Pancreas detects decreases and releases the hormone glucagon into the blood
• Glucagon tells the liver to turn stored glycogen into glucose and release into the blood
• Glucose levels return to normal

Question 9

what is diabetes?

Answer 9

• ## condition where you’re unable to control your own glucose levels

Question 10

what is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 10

• body doesn’t release insulin

Question 11

what is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 11

• body cells do not respond from chemical signal to insulin.

Question 12

symptoms for diabetes

Answer 12

• glucose detected in urine by a benedict’s test

Question 13

treatment to diabetes

Answer 13

• injecting insulin
• pancreas transplants
• low sugar/carbohydrates diet

Question 14

what are the two actions studied that occur in the eye?

Answer 14

• Blinking and pupil reflex

Question 15

what is the iris?

Answer 15

-muscles that alter the size of the pupil
-control amount of light entering

Question 16

what is the sclera?

Answer 16

• protective , tough withe outer coat

Question 17

what is the choroid?

Answer 17

• pigment layer
  -absorbs light
• prevent reflection
• contains blood vessels

Question 18

what is the retina?

Answer 18

• light sensitive layer
• image is formed here
• impulses sent to optic nerve

Question 19

what is the optic nerve?

Answer 19

• carries impulses from retina to brain

Question 20

what is the blind spot?

Answer 20

• where optic nerve leaves the eye
• no light sensitive cells

Question 21

what is the lens

Answer 21

• changes shape to focus light onto retina

Question 22

what is the cornea?

Answer 22

• clear part of sclera allows light to enter
• refracts light to entering the pupil
• hole in centre of iris
• allows light to enter

Question 23

what happens if we get too hot?

Answer 23

• hairs lie flat
• sweating
• vasodilation

Question 24

what happens if we get too cold?

Answer 24

• Hair stands on end to trap layer of insulating air over skin
• reducing heat loss
• Shivering
• Vasoconstriction

Question 25

what happens when we sweat when were too hot?

Answer 25

• Layer of liquid sweat made by sweat glands
• carried up by sweat ducts
• released by sweat pores onto the skin and
• evaporates
• removing heat energy

Question 26

what is vasodilation?

Answer 26

• Blood vessels in skin widen
• more heat from blood is lost to the environment

Question 27

what is shivering?

Answer 27

• involuntary contraction of muscles
• increases respiration and release of heat energy

Question 28

what is Vasoconstriction?

Answer 28

• blood vessels in skin get narrower
• less heat is lost from blood to the environment

Question 29

What are the lifestyle factors?

Answer 29

• Diet- A diet high in sugars and carbohydrates can lead to obesity
  and type II diabetes.

Drug and alcohol abuse - - lead to dependence and addiction
- people suffer withdrawal symptoms if they are unable to
consume it.

Alcohol -
- causes immediate slowing of reaction times
- long term can cause liver, circulatory and heart disease.

Question 30

what is phototropism

Answer 30

• growth response in a plant to a one directional
  stimulus.
• caused by the release of the hormone auxin.

Question 31

positive phototropism

Answer 31

• growth towards light

Question 32

positive gravitropism

Answer 32

• root grown down into the ground with gravity