DNA and inheritance Flashcards
1
Q
what is DNA constructed from?
A
- 2 long chains of alternating sugar and phosphate
2
Q
Name the 4 types of bases of DNA
A
- GUANINE
- ADENINE
- CYTOSINE
- THYMINE
3
Q
How is DNA a code
A
- Reading down the chains the order of bases forms triplet code E.g TAG
- Code for a particular amino acids
4
Q
what is genetic profiling?
A
- used to compare similarities between DNA samples
5
Q
what is genetic profiling
A
- DNA sample is cut into short pieces
- Separated into bands
6
Q
what are genetic crosses
A
- Genes code for characteristics
- Genes can have different versions called alleles.
7
Q
what is genetic modification?
A
- Allows genetic material from one organism to be transferred into the DNA of another organism.
8
Q
Advantages of genetic modification?
A
- Genes for disease resistant transferred to crop plants to increase yield
- Herbicide resistant genes can also increase yield
- used to to kill competing plants
9
Q
Disadvantages of genetic modification
A
- Unknown long term affects
- Unknown health affects of eating modified organisms
- Creation of super weeds
10
Q
what is sex determination?
A
- determined in humans by chromosome pair 23
11
Q
what is the male chromosome labelled as?
A
- XY
12
Q
what is the female chromosome labelled as?
A
- XX
13
Q
how many bases form a triple code?
A
- 3 bases
14
Q
how many bases connect the chains?
A
- 4
15
Q
what do the bases show?
A
- complementary base pairing
