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PY6020 > Responding to Symptoms: Women's Health > Flashcards

Responding to Symptoms: Women's Health Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

What is dysmenorrhoea?

A

Period pains in the lower abdomen

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2
Q

What 2 classifications are associated with dysmenorrhoea?

A

Primary: pain in the absence of pelvic/uterine disease
Secondary: pain associated with pelvic/uterine disease

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3
Q

What causes period pains (primary dysmenorrhoea)?

A

Prostaglandins being released which shed the endometrium, and over-contraction causing reduced blood supply

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4
Q

What conditions can cause secondary dysmenorrhoea?

A
  1. Endometriosis
  2. Pelvic inflammatory disease
  3. IUDs
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5
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

It is when the presence/growth of endometrial tissue occurs outside of the uterus

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of endometriosis?

A
  1. Painful/heavy periods
  2. Pain during sex
  3. Pain in the lower abdomen
  4. Bleeding between periods
  5. Can lead to infertility
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7
Q

What should you do if you suspect a woman has endometriosis, fibroids, or pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Always refer.

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8
Q

What are fibroids?

A

Non-cancerous growths in the uterus

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of fibroids?

A
  1. Bloating/swelling of abdomen
  2. Heavy/painful periods
  3. Constipation
  4. Pain during sex
  5. Urinary frequency
  6. Can lead to infertility/miscarriage
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10
Q

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

It is an infection of the uterus & fallopian tubes, due to e.g. an STI, childbirth, IUDs

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A
  1. Pain in lower abdomen
  2. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
  3. Bleeding between periods, and after sex
  4. Could be asymptomatic
  5. Infertility
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12
Q

What is premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

A

It is the symptoms some woman experience before or during their period.

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of PMS?

A
  1. Mood changes
  2. Fatigue
  3. Breast swelling/tenderness
  4. Weight gain
  5. Irritable/tension
  6. Abdominal bloating
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14
Q

What OTC treatment options can be given for PMS (think of minerals)?

A
  1. Calcium
  2. Magnesium
  3. Pyridoxine (vit. B6) 5-10mg
  4. Evening primrose oil - for breast discomfort
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15
Q

What things do you need to ask to determine if a woman is experiencing dysmenorrhoea?

A
  1. Their age
  2. Nature of the pain
  3. Timing of pain
  4. Bleeding - during sex, abnormal, between periods
  5. Associated symptoms
  6. Taking oral contraceptives - refer
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16
Q

What are the NSAIDs used for dysmenorrhoea? Include doses

A
  1. Ibuprofen max 1.2g
  2. Diclofenac 12.5mg
  3. Naproxen 500mg, then 250mg if required 6-8h later
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17
Q

What other medications can be used to treat dysmenorrhoea?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Paracetamol - with or without NSAID
  2. Aspirin - GI upset, try to avoid
  3. Hyoscine
  4. Caffeine - can be taken with ibuprofen
18
Q

What non-pharmaceutical treatments can women do to relieve their dysmenorrhoea?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Hot water bottle/warmth
  2. TENS machine - electric pulses to relieve pain
  3. Exercise/supplements
19
Q

What happens to the epithelial glycogen present in a woman’s vagina?

Study These Flashcards
A

It gets broken down by bacteria & enzymes into acids

20
Q

Which conditions can vaginal thrush mostly occur in?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Immuno-compromised patients
  2. Diabetics
  3. Pregnancy
21
Q

What causes vaginal thrush?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Alkaline vaginal environment
  2. Low oestrogen = low glycogen = higher pH = more susceptible to infections
  3. Can be a sign of child abuse
22
Q

What are the symptoms of vaginal thrush?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Cream-coloured, thick, cottage-cheese like discharge
  2. Odourless
  3. Burning itch
  4. Skin red and raw
  5. Pain/discomfort in urination
  6. Discomfort during sex
23
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. White-ish grey discharge
  2. Fishy odour
  3. Heaviest after period
  4. No itch or soreness in vagina
24
Q

What type of infection is trichomoniasis and how does someone contract it?

Study These Flashcards
A

It is a protozoa infection via sexual intercourse.

25
What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?
1. Green-yellow, frothy discharge 2. Sometimes fishy smell 3. Itchy/uncomfortable around vagina 4. Pain during sex/urination
26
When should you refer if you suspect a patient has vaginal thrush?
1. Age (<16, >60) 2. Pregnancy 3. Abnormal bleeding, blood in discharge 3. Blisters or ulcers present 4. No improvement with previous treatment 5. Recurrent infections present 6. Diabetics, immuno-compromised patients 7. if it is her first time
27
What things do you need to know to determine if a woman has vaginal thrush?
1. Age 2. Nature of discharge 3. Itch 4. Other symptoms 5. Other conditions present
28
What are some examples of azoles used to treat vaginal thrush?
Clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole (ending in -azole)
29
How is oral fluconazole given for treatment of vaginal thrush?
150mg single dose, 12-24h for symptom relief
30
How is the partner of the infected women treated?
- Only treat partner if they are symptomatic | - Azole cream BD for 6 days, or oral fluconazole
31
What counselling points can you mention for a woman who has vaginal thrush?
1. Avoid tight fitted clothing 2. Cotton underwear 3. Avoid perfumed products around vagina area 4. Avoid douches 5. Do not use feminine itching products
32
What is cystitis?
It is inflammation of the bladder due to a bacterial infection.
33
Why can cystitis be recurrent in diabetics?
Because they have high sugar in their urine which can encourage bacterial growth
34
What are the symptoms of cystitis?
1. Dysuria - pain when passing urine 2. Urine frequency 3. Nocturia 4. Only passing small amounts of urine 5. Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying 6. Lower abdomen pain 7. Cloudy/strong smelling urine
35
What conditions can cause systemic symptoms & haematuria?
1. Kidney stones 2. Bladder cancer 3. Kidney infection
36
Why are older women more prone to cystitis?
Their vaginal lining becomes thinner due to postmenopausal oestrogen deficiency --> this causes a lack of lubrication in the vagina --> cystitis can occur
37
After how many days should you refer if you suspect a person has cystitis?
>2 days = refer
38
When should you refer someone with suspected cystitis?
1. Children & men 2. Elderly 3. Pregnancy 4. Symptoms of suggested diabetes 5. Recurrence of cystitis 6. Haematuria 7. Vaginal discharge
39
How do you treat mild cystitis (<2 days)?
1. May not need treatment 2. Paracetamol or ibuprofen for pain 3. Alkalinising agents
40
What is phleonephritis?
It is when a UTI travels up to the urethra and into the kidneys, causing an infection
41
What other advice can you give for a person with suspected cystitis?
1. Drink lots of fluids 2. Cranberry juice 3. Complete emptying of bladder 4. Urinate immediately after sex

PY6020 (22 decks)

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