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Bio 305 > Respitory > Flashcards

Respitory Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the Respiratory system (4)

A

1) Gas exchange
2) PH control
3) Vocalization
4) Temperature control

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2
Q

Respiratory process (4)

A

1) Ventilation
2) External Respiration
3) Internal Respiration
4) Cellular Respiration

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3
Q

Respiratory process - Ventilation

A

Moving air in and out of lungs

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4
Q

Respiratory process - External Respiratory

A

Gas exchange between blood and LUNGS

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5
Q

Respiratory process - Internal Respiration

A

Gas exchange between blood and tissues

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6
Q

Respiratory process - Cellular respiration

A

Oxygen used to produce ATP, with CO2 as the waste (GAS TRANSPORT)

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7
Q

Respiratory process - Steps of external respiration (4)

A

1) Ventilation or gas exchange between the air sacs (alveoli) and atmosphere
2) Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air in the alveoli and the blood
3) Transport of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the tissues
4) Exchange of O2 and Co2 between the blood and the tissues

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8
Q

Lungs (2)

A

1) Within the pleural cavity (membrane of lungs)

2) The organ in the respiratory system

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9
Q

The Respiratory Tract (2)

A

1) Upper respiratory tract

2) Lower respiratory tract

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10
Q

The Respiratory Tract - Upper respiratory tract (2)

A

1) Nose
2) Pharynx
3) sinuses

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11
Q

The Respiratory Tract - Lower respiratory tract (5)

A

1) Larynx
2) Trachea
3) Bronchi
4) Lungs
5) Alveoli

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12
Q

Upper respiratory tract - the function of nose and pharynx

A

1) Filters particles from the air
2) Vocal resonating chambers
3) smells reception

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13
Q

Upper respiratory tract - Larynx (2)

A

1) Epiglottis - stops food from entering the trachea

2) Vocal cords - sound production

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14
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract - Trachea (3)

A

1) Wind Pipe
2) traps foreign
3) Cough reflex

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15
Q

Upper respiratory tract - Bronchioles (3)

A

1) Smaller branches
2) Controls airflow
3) Smooth Muscle

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16
Q

Upper respiratory tract - Alveoli (3)

A

1) Site of gas exchange
2) High surface area
3) Air sacs

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17
Q

Describe Ventilation (2)

A

1) Airflow requires a pressure gradient

2) Boyles Law

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18
Q

Ventilation - Boyles Law - (2)

A

1) If the volume of space increases then pressure decreases

2) If the volume of space decreases then pressure increases

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19
Q

Describe Inspiration (3)

A

1) Contraction of inspirational muscles
2) Increases chest volume
3) Draw air along the gradient

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20
Q

Inspiration - what happens in the contraction of the inspirational muscles

A

1) Ribs lift and diagram drops

21
Q

Expiration (4)

A

(1) Relaxation of inspiratory muscles
2) Chest volume decreases
3) Lung pressure increases above atmospheric pressure
4) Air moves along the gradient

22
Q

Forced Inspiration (3)

A

1) Deeper Breathe
2) Need a bigger gradient
3) Accessory muscles contract

23
Q

Forced Expiration (3)

A

1) Contract internal intercostal
2) Contract abdominals
3) A greater decrease in volume - more air out

24
Q

What is Pneumothorax?

A

A collapsed lung that cannot function normally - think knife to the lung

25
Q

Lung Volumes (4)

A

1) Tidal volume - air moved on a quiet breath - 500ml
2) Expiratory reserve - Extra air you could breathe out if needed -1,200ml
3) Inspirational Reserve - extra air you could breathe in if you needed to - 3000ml
4) Vital Capacity - max air you could move - 5or6 L

26
Q

LUNG VOLUME GRAPH

A

REFER TO NOTES

RESIDUAL VOLUME
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
VITAL CAPACITY
INSPIRATIONAL RESERVE VOLUME

27
Q

What controls breathing? (1)

A

Chemoreceptors

28
Q

Control breathing - Chemoreceptors - how do they react to control breathing? (4)

A

1) If CO2or H+ increase
a) Chemoreceptors begin to fire
b) Medulla triggers inspirational muscles
c) Breathe in - reduces co2 and or h+
d) O2 is NOT a normal trigger for breathing

29
Q

What controls breathing - Chemoreceptors - name 1 function and where it takes place

A

1) Monitors blood gases

2) Carotids, Aortic Arch, Medulla

30
Q

Where does Gas Transport occur?

A

1) Alveoli

2) In the tissues

31
Q

Gas Transport - Alveoli (2)

A

1) O2 moves along the gradient into the blood

2) CO2 moves from the blood into alveoli

32
Q

Gas Transport - In the tissues(2)

A

1) O2 moves along the gradien into the tissue

2) CO2 moves from tissue to blood

33
Q

How is 98% of oxygen transported

A

via haemoglobin

34
Q

Haemoglobin - what dictates the amount used

A

depending on oxygen concentation

35
Q

How is CO2 transported

A

In the Plasma Bicarbonate

36
Q

What is the Pulmonary Test? (2)

A

1) Lung Volume

2) Forced Expiration

37
Q

Name two restrictive diseases in respiratory medicine and what do they do (3)

A

1) Build of collagen fibres - harder to breath IN
2) Fibrosis
3) Mesotheleuim

38
Q

Obstructive diseases what is it and name 2 diseases

A

1) Harder to breath OUT

2) Emphysema - the breakdown of connective tissue

39
Q

What causes Emphysema and what is it? (3)

A

1) Tar
2) Chemicals
3) Make it harder to breathe out

40
Q

Asthma what is it and what causes it?

A

1) Allergens irritate the bronchioles

2) High mucus production

41
Q

Diseases of the Bronchi and Lungs - what is it called and what is one symptom

A

1) Bronchitis - aint nobody got time fo dad
2) Mucus production
3) A shit ton of coughing

42
Q

Microorganisms Can Cause Respiratory Disorders (2)

A

1) Upper respiratory infections - colds and flues
2) Pneumonia - infection of lungs
3) Tuberculosis - bacteria infection which scars the lungs

43
Q

Lung Cancer (2)

A

1) Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells

2) Impairs airflow, gas exchange, blood flow

44
Q

smoking(3)

A

lose 9 years of life

1) Damages cilia

45
Q

Cardiovascular diseases caused by smoking

A

1) Heart failure
2) Hypertension
3) ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

46
Q

Respiratory diseases caused by smoking

A

1) Asthma
2) Pneumonia
3) Tuberculosis

47
Q

Vaping (2)

A

1) Less Carbon monoxide inhaled

2) Not healthier than smoking

48
Q

MARIJUANA WHAT TWO CANNABINOIDS DOES IT HAVE?

A

1) CBD

2) THC

49
Q

MARIJUANA EFFECTS THC

A

1) Decrease in neurons and brain size if smoked before 17

2) Lower sperm count

Bio 305 (7 decks)

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