Reproductive System Flashcards
Name the male reproductive system?
1) Scrotum
2) Testes
What are the testes responsible for (2)
1) Contain seminiferous tubules which produce sperm
2) Produce testosterone
Sperms facts (2)
1) 74 days to mature
2) 200 million produced per day
What is the sperm count per ejaculation
400 million
Where does sperm mature
Epididymis
What is the ductus deferens (2)
1) Transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct (URETHRA)
2) Sperm storage (up 2 months - then reabsorbed)
Accessary Glads that help sperm survive (3)
1) Seminal Vesicles
2) Prostate gland
3) Bulbourethral Gland
Accessary Glads that help sperm survive - Seminal Vesicles ( How do they help the sperm survive) (2)
1) Secret fructose (energy)
2) Alkali (neutralizes the acid from the vagina)
Accessary Glads that help sperm survive - Prostate Gland (2) ( How do they help the sperm survive)
1) Secrets alkaline fluid
2) clotting factors
Accessary Glads that help sperm survive - Bulbourethral Gland
1) Secrets lubricating mucus
What is semen not sperm?
the mixture of sperm and secretion of accessory glands
Male reproductive hormones (3)
1) FSH
2) LH
3) Testosterone
Male reproductive hormones - FSH
A hormone which promotes sperm production
Male reproductive hormones - LH
Promotes testosterone
Male reproductive hormones - Testosterone (3)
1) Sperm production
2) Maintains male reproductive tissues
3) Secondary sexual characteristics - hair & lower voice
Male Vs Female Sperm - Describes male’s (3)
1) faster and more fragile
2) Die in 24h
3) Conceived if deposit close to ovulation 14 days
Male Vs Female Sperm - Describes female (3)
1) robust, slower
2) Live 2-3 days
3) conceived if deposited in 11-13 cycle
Female Reproductive System - Ovaries (3) produce…
1) Produce eggs
2) Estrogen
3) Progesterone
Female Reproductive System - Oviducts (2)
1) Transports Ova to the uterus
2) Site of fertilization
Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (1)
1) An immature follicle is composed of a primary oocyte and its granulosa cells
2) Development begins stimulated by FSH; granulosa cells begin to divide
3) A fluid-filled antrum develops; follicles begin to develop estrogen
4) The follicle matures; estrogen secretion continues
5) Ovulation occurs; stimulated by LH, the follicle ruptures realising the secondary oocyte
6) The corpus lutuem produces estrogen
7) The corpus lutuem degenerates if pregnancy does not occur
Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (2)
Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (2) -1) An immature follicle is composed of a primary oocyte and its granulosa cells
2) Development begins stimulated by FSH; granulosa cells begin to divide
3) A fluid-filled antrum develops; follicles begin to develop estrogen
4) The follicle matures; estrogen secretion continues
5) Ovulation occurs; stimulated by LH, the follicle ruptures realising the secondary oocyte
6) The corpus lutuem produces estrogen
7) The corpus lutuem degenerates if pregnancy does not occur
Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (3)
Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (2) -1) An immature follicle is composed of a primary oocyte and its granulosa cells
2) Development begins stimulated by FSH; granulosa cells begin to divide
3) A fluid-filled antrum develops; follicles begin to develop estrogen
4) The follicle matures; estrogen secretion continues
5) Ovulation occurs; stimulated by LH, the follicle ruptures realising the secondary oocyte
6) The corpus lutuem produces estrogen
7) The corpus lutuem degenerates if pregnancy does not occur
Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (4)
Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (2) -1) An immature follicle is composed of a primary oocyte and its granulosa cells
2) Development begins stimulated by FSH; granulosa cells begin to divide
3) A fluid-filled antrum develops; follicles begin to develop estrogen
4) The follicle matures; estrogen secretion continues
5) Ovulation occurs; stimulated by LH, the follicle ruptures realising the secondary oocyte
6) The corpus lutuem produces estrogen
7) The corpus lutuem degenerates if pregnancy does not occur
Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (5-7)
Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (2) -1) An immature follicle is composed of a primary oocyte and its granulosa cells
2) Development begins stimulated by FSH; granulosa cells begin to divide
3) A fluid-filled antrum develops; follicles begin to develop estrogen
4) The follicle matures; estrogen secretion continues
5) Ovulation occurs; stimulated by LH, the follicle ruptures realising the secondary oocyte
6) The corpus lutuem produces estrogen
7) The corpus lutuem degenerates if pregnancy does not occur
Female Reproductive System (3) +
1) Uterus (pear)
2) Cervix
3) Vagina
Female Reproductive System - Uterus (2)
1) Pear shaped
2) Where fertilized eggs grow and develop
Female Reproductive System - Uterus
Opening to uterus
Female Reproductive System - Vagina
Birth Canal
Mammary glands (2)
1) Modified sweat glands
2) Hormonal control of lactation
Mammary glands - What do the modified sweat glands provide?
1) MILK
Mammary glands - Hormononal control of lactation - what two hormones regulate the control of lactation
1) Prolactin - stimulates production
2) Oxytocin stimulates milk ejection
Menstrual Cycles (4)
1) Duration
2) Ovarian cycle
3) Uterine cycle
4) Hormone controlled
Menstrual Cycles - Duration?
1) 28 days
Menstrual Cycles - Ovarian cycle
Prepares Ova
Menstrual Cycles - Uterine Cycle
Prepares endometrium
Menstrual Cycles - Hormone control (4)
1) FSH, LH - pituitary
2) Estrogen and progesterone - ovaries
Ovarian Cycle (3)
1) Follicular phase (1-14)
2) Ovulation (14)
3) Luteal Phase (14-28)
Ovarian Cycle - Follicular phase (2)
1) Maturing follicles (eggs)
2) Follicular cells secrete estrogen
Ovarian Cycle - Ovulation day?
Ovulation occurs in day 14
Ovarian Cycle - Luteal Phase (3)
day?
remaining follicular cells?
what is been secreted during this time?
1) 14-28
2) Corpus Luteum
3) Secrets estrogen and progesterone
Uterine Cycle (3)
1) Menstrual phase
2) Proliferative Phase
3) Secretory phase
Uterine Cycle - Menstrual phase?
days?
What is it?
Hormones levels and which one
1) 1-6 days
2) Menstruation - the shedding of layer
3) Triggered by a drop in estrogen and progesterone
Uterine Cycle - Proliferative Phase
days?
What is it?
Estrogen levels?
1) 6-14
2) Repairs Uterine walls
3) High estrogen
Uterine Cycle - Secretory phase
days
what is it
estrogen levels
1) 14-28
2) The endometrium thickens in preparation for implementation
3) Estrogen and Progesterone
What is an endometrium?
The endometrium is the innermost lining layer of the uterus
What happens in the Corpus Luteum if the egg is NOT fertilized? (3)
1) Corpus Luteum degenerates
2) Estrogen and Progesterone DROP
3) Menstruation
What happens in the Corpus Luteum if the egg IS fertilized? (4)
1) Secrets HCG
2) Corpus Luteum is maintained
3) estrogen and progesterone stays HIGH
4) Endometrium does not shed - no menses
Fertilization (5)
1) 100% of sperm is delivered to vagina
2) 3% survives the cervix
3) .1% survives the uterus
4) .001% survives the oviduct
5) The oviduct is the site of fertilization
Fertilization to Implementation - Where do they occur respectfully
1) Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes and the oviduct
2) Implementation occurs in the endometrium (uterus)
Fertilization to Implementation (5) Early steps
1) Ovulation
2) Fertilization
3) Cleavage forms
4) Implementation
5) At implementation, the cell becomes a blastocyst
Birth Control
1) Vasectomy - cut ductus defers
2) Tubal ligation - tie oviducts
3) Hysteroscopy - seal oviducts
Infertility: Men (3)
1) Low sperm count < 60 million
2) Poor memory gland secretion
3) Hormone imbalance
Infertility: Women (4)
1) Abnormal production of FSH and LSH
2) Irregular menstrual cycle
3) Ageing
4) Thick mucus
Enhancing Fertility (2)
1) Fertility enhancing drugs
2) Vitro Fertilization
Enhancing Fertility - Vitro Fertilization
Fertilization outside body in a test tube. After several cell divisions, the embryo is inserted into endometrium uterus) via vagina a.k.a pussy
bacterial STD’s
all the ones you know
Viral STD’s
Herpes
aids
HPV
Hepatitis B
