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Bio 305 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the male reproductive system?

A

1) Scrotum

2) Testes

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2
Q

What are the testes responsible for (2)

A

1) Contain seminiferous tubules which produce sperm

2) Produce testosterone

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3
Q

Sperms facts (2)

A

1) 74 days to mature

2) 200 million produced per day

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4
Q

What is the sperm count per ejaculation

A

400 million

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5
Q

Where does sperm mature

A

Epididymis

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6
Q

What is the ductus deferens (2)

A

1) Transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct (URETHRA)

2) Sperm storage (up 2 months - then reabsorbed)

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7
Q

Accessary Glads that help sperm survive (3)

A

1) Seminal Vesicles
2) Prostate gland
3) Bulbourethral Gland

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8
Q

Accessary Glads that help sperm survive - Seminal Vesicles ( How do they help the sperm survive) (2)

A

1) Secret fructose (energy)

2) Alkali (neutralizes the acid from the vagina)

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9
Q

Accessary Glads that help sperm survive - Prostate Gland (2) ( How do they help the sperm survive)

A

1) Secrets alkaline fluid

2) clotting factors

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10
Q

Accessary Glads that help sperm survive - Bulbourethral Gland

A

1) Secrets lubricating mucus

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11
Q

What is semen not sperm?

A

the mixture of sperm and secretion of accessory glands

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12
Q

Male reproductive hormones (3)

A

1) FSH
2) LH
3) Testosterone

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13
Q

Male reproductive hormones - FSH

A

A hormone which promotes sperm production

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14
Q

Male reproductive hormones - LH

A

Promotes testosterone

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15
Q

Male reproductive hormones - Testosterone (3)

A

1) Sperm production
2) Maintains male reproductive tissues
3) Secondary sexual characteristics - hair & lower voice

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16
Q

Male Vs Female Sperm - Describes male’s (3)

A

1) faster and more fragile
2) Die in 24h
3) Conceived if deposit close to ovulation 14 days

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17
Q

Male Vs Female Sperm - Describes female (3)

A

1) robust, slower
2) Live 2-3 days
3) conceived if deposited in 11-13 cycle

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18
Q

Female Reproductive System - Ovaries (3) produce…

A

1) Produce eggs
2) Estrogen
3) Progesterone

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19
Q

Female Reproductive System - Oviducts (2)

A

1) Transports Ova to the uterus

2) Site of fertilization

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20
Q

Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (1)

A

1) An immature follicle is composed of a primary oocyte and its granulosa cells
2) Development begins stimulated by FSH; granulosa cells begin to divide
3) A fluid-filled antrum develops; follicles begin to develop estrogen
4) The follicle matures; estrogen secretion continues
5) Ovulation occurs; stimulated by LH, the follicle ruptures realising the secondary oocyte
6) The corpus lutuem produces estrogen
7) The corpus lutuem degenerates if pregnancy does not occur

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21
Q

Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (2)

A

Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (2) -1) An immature follicle is composed of a primary oocyte and its granulosa cells

2) Development begins stimulated by FSH; granulosa cells begin to divide
3) A fluid-filled antrum develops; follicles begin to develop estrogen
4) The follicle matures; estrogen secretion continues
5) Ovulation occurs; stimulated by LH, the follicle ruptures realising the secondary oocyte
6) The corpus lutuem produces estrogen
7) The corpus lutuem degenerates if pregnancy does not occur

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22
Q

Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (3)

A

Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (2) -1) An immature follicle is composed of a primary oocyte and its granulosa cells

2) Development begins stimulated by FSH; granulosa cells begin to divide
3) A fluid-filled antrum develops; follicles begin to develop estrogen
4) The follicle matures; estrogen secretion continues
5) Ovulation occurs; stimulated by LH, the follicle ruptures realising the secondary oocyte
6) The corpus lutuem produces estrogen
7) The corpus lutuem degenerates if pregnancy does not occur

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23
Q

Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (4)

A

Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (2) -1) An immature follicle is composed of a primary oocyte and its granulosa cells

2) Development begins stimulated by FSH; granulosa cells begin to divide
3) A fluid-filled antrum develops; follicles begin to develop estrogen
4) The follicle matures; estrogen secretion continues
5) Ovulation occurs; stimulated by LH, the follicle ruptures realising the secondary oocyte
6) The corpus lutuem produces estrogen
7) The corpus lutuem degenerates if pregnancy does not occur

24
Q

Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (5-7)

A

Female Reproductive System - Seven steps (2) -1) An immature follicle is composed of a primary oocyte and its granulosa cells

2) Development begins stimulated by FSH; granulosa cells begin to divide
3) A fluid-filled antrum develops; follicles begin to develop estrogen
4) The follicle matures; estrogen secretion continues
5) Ovulation occurs; stimulated by LH, the follicle ruptures realising the secondary oocyte
6) The corpus lutuem produces estrogen
7) The corpus lutuem degenerates if pregnancy does not occur

25
Q

Female Reproductive System (3) +

A

1) Uterus (pear)
2) Cervix
3) Vagina

26
Q

Female Reproductive System - Uterus (2)

A

1) Pear shaped

2) Where fertilized eggs grow and develop

27
Q

Female Reproductive System - Uterus

A

Opening to uterus

28
Q

Female Reproductive System - Vagina

A

Birth Canal

29
Q

Mammary glands (2)

A

1) Modified sweat glands

2) Hormonal control of lactation

30
Q

Mammary glands - What do the modified sweat glands provide?

A

1) MILK

31
Q

Mammary glands - Hormononal control of lactation - what two hormones regulate the control of lactation

A

1) Prolactin - stimulates production

2) Oxytocin stimulates milk ejection

32
Q

Menstrual Cycles (4)

A

1) Duration
2) Ovarian cycle
3) Uterine cycle
4) Hormone controlled

33
Q

Menstrual Cycles - Duration?

A

1) 28 days

34
Q

Menstrual Cycles - Ovarian cycle

A

Prepares Ova

35
Q

Menstrual Cycles - Uterine Cycle

A

Prepares endometrium

36
Q

Menstrual Cycles - Hormone control (4)

A

1) FSH, LH - pituitary

2) Estrogen and progesterone - ovaries

37
Q

Ovarian Cycle (3)

A

1) Follicular phase (1-14)
2) Ovulation (14)
3) Luteal Phase (14-28)

38
Q

Ovarian Cycle - Follicular phase (2)

A

1) Maturing follicles (eggs)

2) Follicular cells secrete estrogen

39
Q

Ovarian Cycle - Ovulation day?

A

Ovulation occurs in day 14

40
Q

Ovarian Cycle - Luteal Phase (3)
day?
remaining follicular cells?
what is been secreted during this time?

A

1) 14-28
2) Corpus Luteum
3) Secrets estrogen and progesterone

41
Q

Uterine Cycle (3)

A

1) Menstrual phase
2) Proliferative Phase
3) Secretory phase

42
Q

Uterine Cycle - Menstrual phase?
days?
What is it?
Hormones levels and which one

A

1) 1-6 days
2) Menstruation - the shedding of layer
3) Triggered by a drop in estrogen and progesterone

43
Q

Uterine Cycle - Proliferative Phase
days?
What is it?
Estrogen levels?

A

1) 6-14
2) Repairs Uterine walls
3) High estrogen

44
Q

Uterine Cycle - Secretory phase
days
what is it
estrogen levels

A

1) 14-28
2) The endometrium thickens in preparation for implementation
3) Estrogen and Progesterone

45
Q

What is an endometrium?

A

The endometrium is the innermost lining layer of the uterus

46
Q

What happens in the Corpus Luteum if the egg is NOT fertilized? (3)

A

1) Corpus Luteum degenerates
2) Estrogen and Progesterone DROP
3) Menstruation

47
Q

What happens in the Corpus Luteum if the egg IS fertilized? (4)

A

1) Secrets HCG
2) Corpus Luteum is maintained
3) estrogen and progesterone stays HIGH
4) Endometrium does not shed - no menses

48
Q

Fertilization (5)

A

1) 100% of sperm is delivered to vagina
2) 3% survives the cervix
3) .1% survives the uterus
4) .001% survives the oviduct
5) The oviduct is the site of fertilization

49
Q

Fertilization to Implementation - Where do they occur respectfully

A

1) Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes and the oviduct
2) Implementation occurs in the endometrium (uterus)

50
Q

Fertilization to Implementation (5) Early steps

A

1) Ovulation
2) Fertilization
3) Cleavage forms
4) Implementation
5) At implementation, the cell becomes a blastocyst

51
Q

Birth Control

A

1) Vasectomy - cut ductus defers
2) Tubal ligation - tie oviducts
3) Hysteroscopy - seal oviducts

52
Q

Infertility: Men (3)

A

1) Low sperm count < 60 million
2) Poor memory gland secretion
3) Hormone imbalance

53
Q

Infertility: Women (4)

A

1) Abnormal production of FSH and LSH
2) Irregular menstrual cycle
3) Ageing
4) Thick mucus

54
Q

Enhancing Fertility (2)

A

1) Fertility enhancing drugs

2) Vitro Fertilization

55
Q

Enhancing Fertility - Vitro Fertilization

A

Fertilization outside body in a test tube. After several cell divisions, the embryo is inserted into endometrium uterus) via vagina a.k.a pussy

56
Q

bacterial STD’s

A

all the ones you know

57
Q

Viral STD’s

A

Herpes
aids
HPV
Hepatitis B

Bio 305 (7 decks)

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