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Bio 305 > CH 5. The Skeleton System > Flashcards

CH 5. The Skeleton System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system (5)

A

1) Support
2) Protection
3) Minerals
4) Blood
5) MOVEMENT

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2
Q

The Skeleton System consists of Connective Tissue (3)

A

1) Bone
2) Ligaments -Dense fibrous connective tissues
3) Cartilage - fibres of collagen and elastin in a gel matrix

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3
Q

Bones are 90% ___ and 10% ____

A

matrix and cells

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4
Q

The Extracellular matrix for bones contains (4)

A

1) Protein
2) Collagen
3) Calcium & Phosphate
4) Water

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5
Q

The cell in bones contain (3)

A

1) Osteoblast (make bone)
2) Osteoclasts (resorb bone)
3) Osteocytes (mature cells)

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6
Q

Types of bones (2)

A

1) Compact bone

2) Spongy bone

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7
Q

Types of bones - Compact bone (2)

A

1Harder - Harversain system
2Forms shaft and ends, contains marrow
3. yellow marrow

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8
Q

Types of bones - Spongy bone (2)

A
  1. Trabeculae from lattice-like support

2. spaces may contain red marrow

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9
Q

What holds bones together?

A
  1. Dense fibrous connective tissue - ligaments

2. attach bone to bone

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10
Q

What supports bones (not fibrous connective tissue)

A
  1. Cartilage lends its support under preassure
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11
Q

What are the types of cartilage (3)

A

1) Fibrocartilage
2) Hyaline
3) Elastic Cartilage

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12
Q

Types of cartilage - Fibrocartilage (2)

A

1) Intrevertebral disk between vertrebreae

2) Menisci in knee joints

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13
Q

Types of Cartilage - Hyaline (2)

A

1) Forms embryonic structure which then transforms into bones
2) Covers and protect the ends of bones in joints

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14
Q

Types of cartilage - Elastic cartilage

A

Flexible, ears and nose

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15
Q

What are Fontanels?

A

Soft spots on top of babies heads. They don’t ossify until months afterwards

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16
Q

Mature Bone undergoes remodelling and repair- what does remodelling depend on?

A

Exercise

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17
Q

Bones can Change in shape, size, and strength

A

1) Compressive stress stimulates
2) New bone is deposited in areas of high compression
3) Bone is reabsorbed in areas of low compressive strength

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18
Q

When compression of the bone happens what does it stimulate?

A

Osteoblast

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19
Q

What happens to the bone in areas of high compression?

A

New bone is deposited

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20
Q

What happens to the bone in areas of low compression?

A

Bone is reabsorbed

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21
Q

Bone repair - Bone Fracture? Three steps

A

1) Hematoma forms -
2) Obsteclast - removes damaged bone
3) Osteoblast deposits new bone
weeks - months

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22
Q

What is Osteoporosis? What causes it? Who’s most vulnerable to it?

A

1) Loss of bone mass / overactive or underactive osteoblast. High risk of vertabrae and hip fractures
2) Low vitamin D! Hormones, AGE
3) white old LALALAALDDddiddIDIEEEeesS

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23
Q

How to prevent Osteoporosis? (2)

A
  1. Diet

2. Exercise

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24
Q

Skeleton

A

The midline of the body

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25
Q

Skeleton name (3)

A

1) skull
2) sternum
3) ribs

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26
Q

Appendicular Skeleton (3)

A

1) Bones of the area of the appendage

2) Pelvic gridldle, arms, legs`

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27
Q

Axial Skeleton (2)

A

1) Skull

2) Hyoid bone - adams apple

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28
Q

The Skull main function

A

protect the brain

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29
Q

Skull - name 5 cranial bones and visualize them

A

1) Occipital bone
2) Mandible
3) Maxilla
4) Frontal bone
5) Parietal bone
6) Zygomatic bone- cheek bones

30
Q

The vertebrae - What’s its purpose?

A

1) Protect the spine

31
Q

Regions of the Vertebrae (5)

A

1) Cervical
2) Thoracic
3) Lumbar
4) Sacral
5) Coccygeal

32
Q

Regions of the Vertebrae - Cervical

A

Neck - 7 vertebrates

33
Q

Regions of the Vertebrae - Thoracic

A

Chest - 12 vertebrates

34
Q

Regions of the Vertebrae - Lumbar

A

Lower back - 5 vertebrae

35
Q

Regions of the Vertebrae - Sacral

A

5 fused vertebrae

36
Q

Regions of the Vertebrae - Coccygeal

A

4 fused vertebrae

37
Q

What cushions the vertebrae?

A

intervertebral disks

38
Q

Herniated area of the spine - what is it?

A

Intervertebral disk pinched to nerve

39
Q

Ribs and Sternum job

A

protects chest cavity

40
Q

How many pairs does the ribs have?

A

12

41
Q

Out of the 12 rib pairs how many are true, how many are flase, and how many are floating (3)

A

1) True: 1-7
2) Flase 8-10
3) 11-12 back support

42
Q

The job of the sternum? (2)

A

1) protect heart

2) Protect breastbone

43
Q

Appendicular Skeleton what does it consist of?

A

1) Pectoral Griddle - shoulder
2) upper limbs / arms
3) Pelvic Griddle
4) Lowe limbs

44
Q

Appendicular Skeleton - Pectoral Griddle (2) two parts?

A

1) Clavicle (Collar’s bone)

2) Scapula (shoulder blade)

45
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms (5)

A

1) Humerous
2) Radius & Ulna
3) Carpal bones
4) Metacarpal bones
5) Phalanges

46
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms - Humerous

A

Big arm / bicept bone

47
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms - Radius & Ulna

A

1) Radius big forearm

2) Ulna small

48
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms - Carpal bones

A

Wrist

49
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms - Metacarpal

A

Fingers first half

50
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms - Phalanges

A

The second half of the fingers

51
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvic Griddle (2)

A

1) Coxal bone

2) Sacrum & pubic symphosis

52
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Legs (6)

A

1) Femur
2) Patella
3) Tibia, Fibula
4) Tarsal bone
5) Metatasals
6) Phalanges

53
Q

Joints (4)

A

1) Allows for movement
2) Extension/ Flexion
3) Abduction / adduction
4) Circumduction / rotation

54
Q

Joints - Extension / Flexion (2)

A

1) Extension - think Hitler solute

2) Flexion - biceps curl

55
Q

Joints - Abduction / adduction (2)

A

1) Abduction arm away from the body, adduction towards your body
ex) Think wing exercise for shoulders
2) Adduction - the movement of a limb away from the midline.

56
Q

Joints - Circumduction (1)

A

1) Movement of a limb so it describes a cone

57
Q

Joint - Rotation

A

Movement of a body around its axis

58
Q

Joints - Classified by the degree of movement (3)

A

1) Fibrous joints
2) Cartilaginous joint
3) Synovial joint

59
Q

Joints - Classified by the degree of movement - Fibrous Joints

A

1) Moveable

ex) Skull sutures

60
Q

Joints - Classified by the degree of movement - Cartilaginous joint

A

1) Slightly moveable cartilage connection

ex) vertebrate joints

61
Q

Joints - Classified by the degree of movement - Synovial joint

A

1) Free movable joint

ex) knees

62
Q

Synovial joints - What are they again?

A

1) Free movable joints

ex. knees

63
Q

Synovial joints (2)

A

1) Joint capsule

2) Types of synovial joints

64
Q

Synovial joints - Joint capsule (2)

A

1) Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant

2) Hyaline cartilage acts as a cushion

65
Q

Ligaments, Tendons, and Muscles Stabilize Joint - Ligaments

A

1) Bone to bone synovial joints ex) acl

66
Q

Ligaments, Tendons, and Muscles Stabilize Joint - Tendons

A

Attach muscle to bone - achillies tendon

67
Q

Joint disorders (3)

A

1) Sprains
2) Bursitis or tenitis
3) Dislocation

68
Q

Joint disorders - Sprains (2)

A

1) Stretched or torn ligaments

2) Heal SLOW

69
Q

Joint disorders - Bursitis or tenitis (1)

A

1) Inflammation of bursae or tendons

70
Q

Joint disorders - Dislocation

A

1) out of the socket

71
Q

What is Arthritis? (2)

A

Inflammation of the joints

2. loss of cartilage

72
Q

What is the most common Arthritis?

A
  1. Osteoarthritis

Bio 305 (7 decks)

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