CH 4 Tissues Flashcards
Tissues
Tissues are groups of cells with similar structures and functions
Tissues (4)
1) Epithelial tissues
2) Connective tissues
3) Muscle tissues
4) Nervous tissues
Tissues - Epithelial Tissues - Two basic PURPOSES (4)
1) Line body cavities and cover surfaces
2) Glands
a) Exocrine glands- Secret products into duct
b) Endocrine glands - Secret hormones into blood
Tissues - Epithelial Tissues - Function (5)
1) Protection
2) Absorption & secretion
3) Ion transportation & Diffusion
4) Filtration
5) Forms slippery surfaces
Tissues - Epithelial Tissues -Three types based on shape
1) Squamous
2) Cubodoil
3) Columnar
Tissues - Epithelial Tissues -Three types - Squamous (2)
1) Flattened cells
2) Line vessels, lungs, parts of cells
Tissues - Epithelial Tissues -Three types - Cubodoil (2)
1) Cubed shaped
2) Forms lining of tubules, and glandular tissues
Tissues - Epithelial Tissues -Three types - Columnar (2)
1) Column shaped
2) Line respiration, digestive, and reproductive tract
Tissues - Epithelial Tissues - Number of layers
1) Simple / Single layered - adaptive to diffusion
2) Stratified / multiple layered - provides protection to skin surface
Tissues - Epithelial Tissues - Number of layers - Simple/ Singled layered (1)
1) Simple Squamous Epithelium
2) Areas subjected to LOW ware and tear
3) Adaptive to diffusion and filtration
Tissues - Epithelial Tissues - Number of layers - Stratified Epithelium types (2)
1) Stratified squamous epithelium
2) Transitional Epithelium
Tissues - Epithelial Tissues - Stratified Squamous Ephileum (3)
1) Protects from wear and tear
2) Defendant against microbes
ex) skin, pussy, the lining of the mouth
Tissues - Epithelial Tissues - Stratified Ephileum - Transitional Epithelium (2)
1) Contains cells that can change shape
2) In any area subject to changing
ex) bladder, stomach
What does the Basement Membrane do?
Provide structural support
What is the most abundant / diverse tissue?
Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue - Main classes (5)
1) Connective Tissue Proper
2) Cartilage
3) Bone Tissue
4) Blood
5) Fat
What are the general functions of Connective Tissue (4)
1) Support softer ortgans
2) Connects parts of the body
3) Store fat
4) Produce blood cells
Connective Tissues Cells (3)
1) Fibroblast
2) Macrophage
3) White blood cells - Lymphocytes, neutrophil
Connective Tissues Fibres (2)
1) Collagen ( Tendons) DOES NOT STRETCH
2) Elastins (lungs) STRETCHES
Fibrous Connective Tissue - 4 General types (4)
1) Loose
2) Dense
3) Elastic
Fibrous Connective Tissue - 4 General types - Loose (2)
1) Not organized
2) Think Fascia surrounding internal organs and muscles
Fibrous Connective Tissue - 4 General types - Dense (2)
1) Highly organized
2) Tendons, Ligaments
Fibrous Connective Tissue - 4 General types - Elastic (2)
1) Change shape regularly
2) Tissues surrounding stomach/bladder
Fibrous Connective Tissue Dense Tissue two types (2)
1) Regular Dense Connective Tissue
2) Irregular Dense Connective Tissue
Fibrous Connective Tissue Dense Tissue two types - Irregular Dense Connective Tissues (3)
1) Irregular arranged collagen & elastic
2) Withstands tensions and pull
3) E.g: Skin
Fibrous Connective Tissue Dense Tissue two types - Regular Dense Connective Tissues (3)
1) Parallel Collagen Fibres
2 Muscle to bone attatchment
3) E.g. Tendont, ligament
Specialized Connective Tissues Serve Special Functions (4)
1) Bone
2) Blood
3) Cartilage
4) Adipose Tissue
Fibrous Connective Tissue Dense Tissue two types - Regular Dense Connective Tissues - Bone
Forms the skeleton
Fibrous Connective Tissue Dense Tissue two types - Regular Dense Connective Tissues - Blood
Transforms glucose and oxygen
Fibrous Connective Tissue Dense Tissue two types - Regular Dense Connective Tissues - Cartilage (3)
1) Transitions tissue from which bone develops
2) Maintains the integrity of certain body parts - nose
3) Cushion vertebrate
Fibrous Connective Tissue Dense Tissue two types - Regular Dense Connective Tissues - Adipose Tissue:
1) Fat cells
2) Functions in insulation, protection, and energy storage
Muscle tissue is …..
Contractile
What three muscle tissues contractile
1) Skeleton muscles - many nuclei
2) Cardiac muscles - 1 nucleus
3) Smooth muscles - 1 nucleus
What are the three Nervous Tissues (3)
1) Neuron
2) Glial Cell
3) For signal transition
Nervous Tissue - The Neuron
1) Specialized nervous system cell
2) Generates and transmits electrical impulses
Nervous Tissue - The Glial Cell (2)
1) Surrounds and protects neurons
2) Provides nutrients to the cell
Nervous Tissue - Signal Transmission
1) Bran and spinal cord
2) Peripheral Nerve
Organ & Organ Systems (2)
1) Organs
2) Organ system
Organ & Organ Systems - Organ (1)
Contains two or more tissue types joined together; perform a specific function
Organ & Organ Systems = Organ system (3)
1) Groups of organs that perform a specific function
2) 11 organs systems that make up the human body
3) ex) Digestive system: mouth, throat, stomach, intestines and liver
Tissue Membrane (4)
1) Serous Membrane - Line & lubricates lining of organs
2) Mucous Membrane
3) Synovial Membrane - Line spaces in moveable joints
4) Cutonous Membrane - Skin
Describing body position or direction (6)
1) Anterior
2) Posterior
3) Proximal
4) Distal
5) Superior
6) Inferior
Describing body position or direction - Anterior
At or near the front
Describing body position or direction - Posterior
At or near the back
Describing body position or direction - Proximal
Nearer to the body trunk
Describing body position or direction - Distal
Farther away from the body trunk
Describing body position or direction - Superior
Situated above or directed upward
Describing body position or direction - Inferior
Situated below or directed downward
Skin function (4)
1) Protect from dehydration
2) Protection
3) Make vitamin D
4) Regulates body temperature
What two things does the skin consist of? (2)
1) Epidermis
2) Dermis
Skin - Epidermis (4)
1) Outler layer - can harden via callous
2) Stratified squamous epithelial cells
3) No blood vessels
4) Two major cells
Skin - Epidermis - Stratified squamous epithelial cells (1)
High turnover and generation of cells
Skin - Epidermis - Two major cells (2)
1) Keratinocytes - provides waterproof protein
2) Melancytes - provides dark pigment (melatonin)
Skin - Dermis (2)
1) Primarily dense irregular connective tissues
2) Cells
Skin - Dermis - Cells (5)
1) Fibroblast
2) Mast Cell
3) White blood cell
4) Fat cell
5) Sensory receptors
6) Hair shaft
Accessory Structure of Dermis (3)
1) Hair
2) Smooth Muscle - attached to hair follicles
3) Sebaceous (oil) glands - Secrets oil to moisturise
