Respirtion Flashcards
The 3 main things of the respiration is to
Breathing (air in + out of lungs)
External respiration (exchange of oxygen and Cardin dioxide between lungs and blood
Internal respiration (exchange of oxygen between blood and cells)
Basic summary of Respiration
Oxygen taken in via the mouth to get to the lungs and across the walls of the lungs into the blood stream , to get to the rbc so can break down bonds to release energy
What does oxygen do
Require for cell bond breakdown
Splitting molecules to release energy (ADP)
Why are white blood cells able to attack any pathogen
Via changing their protein key structure which helps them to attach onto any bacteria, germ or pathogen
What is phagocytosis
Process by which a cell (a phagocyte or protist) ingests another cell or particles- bacteria
Phagein = devour Cytos = cell Osis = process
What is cellular respiration
Happens in the cell - Burning of food in O2 to process ATP (energy) and release Carbon dioxide
Make up of respiratory system
Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx , larynx, trachea, bronchus and lungs
What is the lungs attached to
Ribs and diaphragm
What is the pleural cavity
Space between the outer layer and inner layer of the lung
The pleural membrane secretes and lubricates allowing the layers to slide over each other
How does air get into the lungs
Via the pulmonary ventilation
What nerve makes the diaphragm contract
Phrenic nerve
Inhalation quiet breathing
Deep breathing - laboured
What is passive breathing
Exhalation - quiet
Diaphragm and external intercostal relax
What are and how many breathing patterns are there
3
Normal - quiet
Shallow - chest breathing
Diaphragmatic- outward movement only of abdomen
How does O2 get into cells
O2 dissolved into liquid around cells and passes thru cell wall onto haemoglobin in red blood cells
What are tonsils and what are they for
Tonsils - collection of white blood cells first point of defence to stop pathogens entertaining the body
What stops food going down the trachea
epiglottis - flappy skin
What does the pharynx turn into
Trachea or esophagus
Where is the thyroid found
Around the larynx
What lines the trachea
Mucus and epithelia cells
What does the trachea split into
Left or right primary bronchi
How many lobes does the left and right lungs have
Left - 2
Right -3
What lies at the end of the terminal bronchioles
Aveoli
Who thick are alveoli
One cell
What’s inside alveoli
White blood cells
Two types of fibres in the walls of aveoli
Elastic and maticular branching?
Diaphragm on inspiration
Goes down
The phrenic nerve supports what?
Diaphragm
What is normal or quite breathing called
Eupnea
What molecule is haemoglobin and what happens if conditions change too much
Protein, losses 3D shape
What does chronic smoke do to lungs
Paralyses the hair, collapse bronchioles
Who does smoke contribute to cancer
Smoke contains Cartagens that gets into our lungs and then cells and travels anywhere in the body
Smoking causes 85% of lung cancer
.
What causes tuberculosis
Bacterium
What is pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleurisy
What is pneumothorax
Punctures lung, inner layer of the lung may pull away and collapse inwards
