Endocrine System

Question 1

Main endocrine glands

Answer 1

Pineal body
Pituitary gland
Thyroid
Parathyroid gland (behind thyroid in neck)
Adrenal glands (top of kidneys left side)
Pancreatic islets (of Langerhans)
Ovaries and testes

Question 2

Endocrine 2nd Tissue and glands function

Answer 2

Thymus gland
Heart
Stomach
Kidneys
Adipose Tissue

Question 3

What is the endocrine system

Answer 3

Cluster of epithelial cells that secrete a chemical messenger molecule called the hormone

Question 4

What does the endocrine system do

Answer 4

Maintains homeostasis - messenger molecules make the other cells do things that a keep constant body conditions when other things are changing

Question 5

Why is homeostasis important

Answer 5

It maintains everything in the body constant when things around then are changing so we don’t get sick or cells die?

Question 6

Endocrine glands are what glands

Answer 6

Ductless as they don’t release their hormones into ducts - they secrete then into tissue abs blood vessels

Target tissues have receptors for hormones

Question 7

How are target tissues changed

Answer 7

By the hormones attached to them
1) fat soluble hormones diffuse thru fatty cells walls, binds to a receptor molecule inside a switch on the genes in the DNA that contains the instructions for the job which release thyroid hormones

Question 8

When are most growth hormone released

Answer 8

During sleep when energy isn’t required by other things

Question 9

What is acromegaly

Answer 9

Ossification of bone growth plates

Bones become thicker and no longer grow

Question 10

What causes reduced hyposecretion of Growth hormones

Answer 10

Tumor in the pituitary or hypothalamus

Causes Pituitary Dwarfism

Question 11

Thyroid hormone (tsh) T3 and T4 helps with increased energy available are

Answer 11

Stimulate protein synthesis
Maintain body temp
Increase the use of fatty acids and glucose for ATP production
Increase fat breakdown to make more glucose available

Question 12

Stimuli for Increased thyroid secretion include

Answer 12

Exercise, stress, malnutrition, low blood glucose and sleep

Question 13

Anterior pituitary release hormones which either act on target tissue or stimulate other organs to produce their hormones

Answer 13

Hormones that the anterior pituitary release Prolactin, TSH (thyroid) GH , ACTH top of kidney adrenal cortex, MSH, FSH / LH

Question 14

Adrenal cortex (top of kidney) releases what hormones

Answer 14

glucocorticoids (steroids)
Minerlocorticoids &
Androgens (sex hormones)

Question 15

What two hormones controls Human Growth Hormone (hGH) from the hypothalamus

Answer 15

Growth hormones on releasing normal (GHIRH) and growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

Low blood glucose causes GHRH to be released by hypothalamus causes
HGH (human growth hormone released from anterior pituitary causes
Increased blood sugar releasing GHIH loops back to hypothalamus. This is a negative feedback

Question 16

What is the thyroid hormone important for

Answer 16

Regulating body temp
Increase any of 02 to all cells while at rest
Stimulate protein synthesis
Increase in use of fatty acids and glucose for ATP production
Increase-fat break for glucose

Question 17

What is an disorder of the adrenal cortex (found on kidney)when hyper secretion of cortisol hormone

Answer 17

Cushing syndrome - hyper secretions of cortisol hormone

• Results in moon face effect
• Excessive tissue protein breakdown -muscle wasting
• osteoporosis
• Suppressed growth hormone secretion

Question 18

What is an disorder of the adrenal cortex (found on kidney)when moderate secretion of cortisol hormone

Answer 18

Addison disease - adrenal cortex destroyed - no more production of hormones

• muscle weakness
• wasting
• low blood glucose
• confusion, menstral disturbance