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APP Reflex test questions > Cardio- Vascular System > Flashcards

Cardio- Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Cardio- vascular system do

A

transport broken down food molecules and o2 and co2

Breaks down molecules to Releases energy and

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2
Q

Where are pluripotent cells located

A

Located in Bones

The cells have paused development and waiting for a signal to direct them into becoming a Red/white blood cell or platelet

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3
Q

What is blood?

A

It is a type of connective Tissue. Liquid made up of 3 different cells structures - red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells

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4
Q

What is red cells made from and or contain

A

Contains red proteins (haemaglobins) Carries CO2

Contains no nucleus or organelles so can’t repair, reproduce or manufacture energy. It’s just a carrier of nutrients

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5
Q

What is Bilirubin?

A

Is the converted part of the haemoglobin from destroyed blood cells. Secretes into Small intestine

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6
Q

Sickle cell disease?

A

Rbc contain abnormal type of haemoglobin molecules which cause the RBC to bend into a sickle shape which rapture easily.

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7
Q

What do white blood cells do

A

Involved in body defence - immune system

They ingest ( phagocytose) the pathogen and or release molecules that cause local blood vessels to widen , walls to become more leaky and irritation to local nerve endings

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8
Q

4 signs of inflammation

A

Swelling,
Pain
Area reddening
Area warmer

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9
Q

All purpose response to inflammation - damage

A

Haemostasis - blood clot, formed from platelets to prevent XS bleeding

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10
Q

What is clotting

A

Called coagulation - proteins in blood (clotting factor) activate each other in a chain reaction to form protein fibres, fibrin which trap wbc, rbc and platelets together to create clot

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11
Q

Location and what is the pericardium

A

It is the balloon or sac that the heart sits in

Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium

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12
Q

Hearts Job?

A

Pick up O2 from lungs and nutrients from digestive system
transports these around the body and off loads them to all cells via the liver
Picks up waste on the way via kidney, spleen and liver to be expelled / processed or altered

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13
Q

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Veins carry deoxygenated towards the heart

A

Pulmonary arteries and veins go to and from the lungs
(Pulmonary Arteries go to the lungs) (pulmonary veins from lungs)

Aorta main artery takes o2 blood away from the heart

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14
Q

What controls the heart?

A

Autonomic NS (parasympathetic vagus nerve CN 10, blood pressure input is via Cn 9 & 10)

Hormone and ions (adrenal glands , ions such as increased K+ or Na+ decrease heart Rate and force, Ca2 increases heart rate)

Other factors (age, gender, health, body temp)

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15
Q

How many layers do arteries and veins have and what are they

A

3

  • Endothelium (base membrane and internal elastic laminate)
  • Smooth muscle (external elastic lamina)
  • elastic and collagen fibres
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16
Q

What are capillaries

A

Microscopic vessels connect arteriolar to venules

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17
Q

What is it when several capillaries join together

A

Venules

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18
Q

How does blood get back to the heart

A

Heart contractions

Skeletal pump mechanism

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19
Q

What is blood pressure

A

The pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessel generated by the contraction of the ventricles

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20
Q

What regulates blood pressure with in safe limits

A 
Nervous system (cardiovascular centre)
Endocrine system (hormones)
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21
Q

What is the circulation of the blood thru the body

A

4 main circulations

  • systemic circulation
  • pulmonary circulation
  • hepatic portal
  • coronary circulation
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22
Q

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

Aorta - main artery takes O2 blood away from the heart

A

Veins carry blood to the heart

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23
Q

Heart has two receiving and two pumping chambers

A

And the heart has 4 valves

2 semolina and 2 cuspid valves

24
Q

Heart has 3 layers

A

Pericardium
Myocardium - heart muscle
Endocardium - epithelium in the lining of the blood vessels

25
Q

What is and where is the SA node

A

Just outside the heart on the right side. It is a ground cells that are autorhythmic, they generate a nerve impulse with out being attached to any nerve

26
Q

What are the two cardiac cycles (contractions) called

A

Cardiac contraction = systole

Cardiac relaxation = diastole

27
Q

What controls the heart rate

A

Autonomic NS
hormones and Ions (adrenal glands above kidney)
Other factors (age, gender, health, body temp)

28
Q

What Nervous system controls the smooth muscles in the blood vessels

A

Sympathetic NS

There are no parasympathetic connections to blood vessels

29
Q

85% of blood leaks out of capillaries

A

15% of the blood leaked our returns via the lymph vessels

30
Q

How long do rbs live

A

90-120 days

31
Q

Which digestive enzyme is made from haemoglobin

A

Bile

32
Q

What is anemia

A

Lack of red blood cells so reduces O2 capacity

33
Q

What causes jaundice

A

Break down if too many rbc and build up of bilirubin in blood

34
Q

What are wbc involved in

A

Body defence - immune system

35
Q

How do wbc escape from blood vessels

A

They change shape and squeeze thru gaps between the blood vessel walls

36
Q

What do thrombocytes (platelets) do

A

Cause clots and plug holes on blood cell walls

37
Q

Why do clots often form in veins

A

Blood slows down as moving up hill

38
Q

What does it mean to say that the circulation of the blood is a double circulation

A

Blood goes around the heart twice

39
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do

A

Carries blood from the heart to the lungs

40
Q

What blood vessel carry blood from the lungs to the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

41
Q

2 main blood vessels bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

42
Q

Main blood vessel sending oxygenated blood around the body

A

Aorta

43
Q

2 things that may cause the blood vessels to become narrower

A

Sclerosis and congenital fault

44
Q

Swelling of the tissue

A

Oedema

45
Q

Ectopic pacemaker

A

An excitable grp of heart cells that causes a premature heart beat outside the normal SA node function

46
Q

2 names for an abnormal heart beat

A

Arrhythmia or dysthymia

47
Q

How does the heart supply itself with blood

A

Coronary arteries

48
Q

Main risk for coronary artery disease

A

Smoking

49
Q

What is angina pectoris

A

Temp lack of o2 to the heart

50
Q

What is aneurysms

A

Bulge in wall or lining of blood vessel

51
Q

What is a heart attack

A

Heart muscle cell death due to lack of O2 supply

52
Q

What can cause a heart murmur

A

Leaking heart valves, blood rushing back from one chamber to another

53
Q

Which part of the nervous system connects with the blood vessels

A

Sympathetic

Part of the autonomic nerve system and runs only btw T1-L2 in spinal cord

54
Q

How does blood stop flowing backwards

A

Via valves

55
Q

What is DVT

A

Blood clot in legs

56
Q

What are the two main factors affecting blood pressure

A

Stress and obesity

57
Q

What is essential hypertension

A

High blood pressure due to no other factors

APP Reflex test questions (9 decks)

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