Cardio- Vascular System Flashcards
What does the Cardio- vascular system do
transport broken down food molecules and o2 and co2
Breaks down molecules to Releases energy and
Where are pluripotent cells located
Located in Bones
The cells have paused development and waiting for a signal to direct them into becoming a Red/white blood cell or platelet
What is blood?
It is a type of connective Tissue. Liquid made up of 3 different cells structures - red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells
What is red cells made from and or contain
Contains red proteins (haemaglobins) Carries CO2
Contains no nucleus or organelles so can’t repair, reproduce or manufacture energy. It’s just a carrier of nutrients
What is Bilirubin?
Is the converted part of the haemoglobin from destroyed blood cells. Secretes into Small intestine
Sickle cell disease?
Rbc contain abnormal type of haemoglobin molecules which cause the RBC to bend into a sickle shape which rapture easily.
What do white blood cells do
Involved in body defence - immune system
They ingest ( phagocytose) the pathogen and or release molecules that cause local blood vessels to widen , walls to become more leaky and irritation to local nerve endings
4 signs of inflammation
Swelling,
Pain
Area reddening
Area warmer
All purpose response to inflammation - damage
Haemostasis - blood clot, formed from platelets to prevent XS bleeding
What is clotting
Called coagulation - proteins in blood (clotting factor) activate each other in a chain reaction to form protein fibres, fibrin which trap wbc, rbc and platelets together to create clot
Location and what is the pericardium
It is the balloon or sac that the heart sits in
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium
Hearts Job?
Pick up O2 from lungs and nutrients from digestive system
transports these around the body and off loads them to all cells via the liver
Picks up waste on the way via kidney, spleen and liver to be expelled / processed or altered
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Veins carry deoxygenated towards the heart
Pulmonary arteries and veins go to and from the lungs
(Pulmonary Arteries go to the lungs) (pulmonary veins from lungs)
Aorta main artery takes o2 blood away from the heart
What controls the heart?
Autonomic NS (parasympathetic vagus nerve CN 10, blood pressure input is via Cn 9 & 10)
Hormone and ions (adrenal glands , ions such as increased K+ or Na+ decrease heart Rate and force, Ca2 increases heart rate)
Other factors (age, gender, health, body temp)
How many layers do arteries and veins have and what are they
3
- Endothelium (base membrane and internal elastic laminate)
- Smooth muscle (external elastic lamina)
- elastic and collagen fibres
What are capillaries
Microscopic vessels connect arteriolar to venules
What is it when several capillaries join together
Venules
How does blood get back to the heart
Heart contractions
Skeletal pump mechanism
What is blood pressure
The pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessel generated by the contraction of the ventricles
What regulates blood pressure with in safe limits
Nervous system (cardiovascular centre) Endocrine system (hormones)
What is the circulation of the blood thru the body
4 main circulations
- systemic circulation
- pulmonary circulation
- hepatic portal
- coronary circulation
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Aorta - main artery takes O2 blood away from the heart
Veins carry blood to the heart
Heart has two receiving and two pumping chambers
And the heart has 4 valves
2 semolina and 2 cuspid valves
Heart has 3 layers
Pericardium
Myocardium - heart muscle
Endocardium - epithelium in the lining of the blood vessels
What is and where is the SA node
Just outside the heart on the right side. It is a ground cells that are autorhythmic, they generate a nerve impulse with out being attached to any nerve
What are the two cardiac cycles (contractions) called
Cardiac contraction = systole
Cardiac relaxation = diastole
What controls the heart rate
Autonomic NS
hormones and Ions (adrenal glands above kidney)
Other factors (age, gender, health, body temp)
What Nervous system controls the smooth muscles in the blood vessels
Sympathetic NS
There are no parasympathetic connections to blood vessels
85% of blood leaks out of capillaries
15% of the blood leaked our returns via the lymph vessels
How long do rbs live
90-120 days
Which digestive enzyme is made from haemoglobin
Bile
What is anemia
Lack of red blood cells so reduces O2 capacity
What causes jaundice
Break down if too many rbc and build up of bilirubin in blood
What are wbc involved in
Body defence - immune system
How do wbc escape from blood vessels
They change shape and squeeze thru gaps between the blood vessel walls
What do thrombocytes (platelets) do
Cause clots and plug holes on blood cell walls
Why do clots often form in veins
Blood slows down as moving up hill
What does it mean to say that the circulation of the blood is a double circulation
Blood goes around the heart twice
What does the pulmonary artery do
Carries blood from the heart to the lungs
What blood vessel carry blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulmonary vein
2 main blood vessels bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Superior and inferior vena cava
Main blood vessel sending oxygenated blood around the body
Aorta
2 things that may cause the blood vessels to become narrower
Sclerosis and congenital fault
Swelling of the tissue
Oedema
Ectopic pacemaker
An excitable grp of heart cells that causes a premature heart beat outside the normal SA node function
2 names for an abnormal heart beat
Arrhythmia or dysthymia
How does the heart supply itself with blood
Coronary arteries
Main risk for coronary artery disease
Smoking
What is angina pectoris
Temp lack of o2 to the heart
What is aneurysms
Bulge in wall or lining of blood vessel
What is a heart attack
Heart muscle cell death due to lack of O2 supply
What can cause a heart murmur
Leaking heart valves, blood rushing back from one chamber to another
Which part of the nervous system connects with the blood vessels
Sympathetic
Part of the autonomic nerve system and runs only btw T1-L2 in spinal cord
How does blood stop flowing backwards
Via valves
What is DVT
Blood clot in legs
What are the two main factors affecting blood pressure
Stress and obesity
What is essential hypertension
High blood pressure due to no other factors
