Respirology

Question 1

t/f a signifiant right to left intracardiac shunt responds to O2

Answer 1

false. no matter how much O2 you give, the blood is flowing the wrong way so it cant get oxygenated.

Question 2

normal anion gap acidosis

Answer 2

loss of bicarb by GI tract or kidneys (ex diarrahea or renal tubular acidosis).

Question 3

Quick A-a gradiet.

Answer 3

Take PaCO2(x5) then divide it by 4. (same as doing PaCo2/0.8) then subtract it from roughly 150. If its about the same as the PaO2 level, you don’t have an A-a gap and theres not a lung compliance problem, its likely due to hypoventilation.

Question 4

most common bugs for HAP/nursing home pneumonia

Answer 4

gram negatives: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is typically caused by bacteria, especially aerobic gram-negative bacilli, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter species.

Question 5

common community acquired pneumonia bugs

Answer 5

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common acute infections requiring admission to hospital. The main causative pathogens of CAP are Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and the dominant risk factors are age, smoking and comorbidities

Question 6

atypical pneumonia bugs

Answer 6

The causative organisms responsible for atypical pneumonia include Viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophilia, Chlamydia psittaci and Coxiella burnetli etc.

Question 7

anti-tubercular activitiy of isoniazid (ING) involves inhibition of:

Answer 7

mycolic acid synthesis.

Question 8

which Tb drug causes orange secretions (tears, urine)

Answer 8

rifampin)

Question 9

Latent Tb is treated with isonazid, which can produce paresthesias. This side effect can be prevented by:

Answer 9

also using B6 (pyridoxine)