General Surgery Flashcards
Post op Fever causes
6Ws depending on timeline
POD1-2: WIND (atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary)
POS3-5: Wound (infection, abscess)
POD8: WALK (thrombosis)
POD1+ : wonder drugs
POD 1+ We did it (central line infections, transufsion reactions).
if someone has a wound infection before day 3-5 post op, what’re the main bugs?
C siff, group A strep, nec fasciitis.
4Ts of anterior compartment mass
thymoma
thyroid enlargement (goitre)
teratoma
tumors
Horner syndrome
Miosis
Anhydrosis
Ptosis
most common cause of lower GI bleed
diverticulosis– painless bleeding per rectum.
main causes of small bowel obstruction
scar tissue/adhesion, hernias, cancer. Also can be due to intraluminal foregin body (intussusception, bezoar, gallstone)
Large bowel obstruction can be caused due to volvulus, adhesions, carcinoma, diverticular disease (toxic mega colon)
Hasselbach’s triangle
lateral side of rectus muscle
inferior epigastric vessels
inguinal ligament.
Hernias in the hasselbach’s triangle is direct hernia. MD’s (Medial to the inguinal ligament is DIRECT)
Indirect inguinal hernia
Lateral to the inferior epigastric arteries.
Ogilvies syndrome
acute pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel. Exact mechanism is unknown.
FRIENDO for why fistulas stay open
F= foreign body
radiation
infection
epithelializaiton
neoplasm
distal obstruction (most common reason)
other
most common tumor of anal canal
squamous cell (also the most common in vaginal/vulvar cancer)
cholelithiasis vs cholecystitis vs choledocholithiasis vs cholangitis
cholithiasis: stones in gall baldder
cholecystitis: inflammed gall bladder
choledocholithiasis: stone in the common bile duct.
cholangitis: infection of the biliary tree, can be due to stone.
management of acute cholecystits
admit, hydrate, NPO, NG tube if persistent vomiting
antibiotics
ERCP if CBD stones are present on US.
cholecystectomy.
__ ___ is the most common presenting symptom of cholangiocarcinoma
obstructive jaundice (aka direct/conjugated dilated GB)
