Family Medicine

Question 1

3 prescription medications available in canada approaced for weightloss

Answer 1

1. contrave (naltrexone and buproprion)
2. saxenda (liraglutide)
3. Xenical (orlistat)

Question 2

drug therapy for isolated hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 2

statins and ezetimibe will not work because they act on lower cholseterol. In this case, its better to use nicotinic acid and fibrates.

Question 3

two key meds for smoking cessation

Answer 3

buproprion (Zyban)
varenicline (Champix)
plus nicotine replacement therapy

Question 4

contraindications to naltrexone for alcohol use disorder

Answer 4

can trigger withdrawal in opioid depdent patients, and also can’t use it in renal or liver failure.

Question 5

screening tool for generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 5

GAD7

Question 6

ipatropium MOA

Answer 6

anticholinergic

Question 7

ICS MOA

Answer 7

corticosteroid-fluticasone

Question 8

salmeterol or salbutamol moa

Answer 8

beta 2 agonsit

Question 9

role of ICS in asthma vs copd

Answer 9

ICS not first line alone for COPD– better to use anticholinergic like tiotropium plus SABA/salbutamol.
ICS+LABA for first line asthma.

Question 10

when prescribing for salbutamol, what electrolyte disturbance do you have to watch out for?

Answer 10

hypokalemia– salbutamol is a beta agonist, so it activates the Na/K+ Atpase.

Question 11

most common cause of pneumonia in kids

Answer 11

strep pneumo or hemophilus

Question 12

most common cause of croup

Answer 12

parainfluenza or rsv

Question 13

best screening test for dementia

Answer 13

MOCA for dementia, MMSE for minor neurocognitive disorder.

Question 14

pharmacologic therapy for dementia

Answer 14

NMDA and cholinesterase inhibitors slow the rate of cognitive decline, low dose antipsychotics and antidepressants can be used to treat behaviorual and emotional symptoms.

Question 15

M SIGECAPS 5/9 criteria for depression

Answer 15

depressed mood
sleep disturbance
interest decrease
guilt
energy decrease
concentration decrease
appetite
psychomotor retardation/agitation
suicidal ideation.

Question 16

examples of anti-depression meds. What is best for kids?

Answer 16

fluoxetine (ssri) best for kids. other ssris include sertraline, citalopram. snri is another category–includes venlafaxine, duloxetine.

less common are MAOi and TCA and SDRI (buproprion)

Question 17

HPylori therapy (PBMT)

Answer 17

PPI
bismuth
metronidazole
tetracycline

Question 18

treatment for erectile dysfunction

Answer 18

phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (viagra)

Question 19

treat patients with unexplained unilateral sensorineural hearing loss urgently with ____

Answer 19

steroids. *sensorineural involves the inner ear, cochlea or auditory nerve.
then make sure to refer to an ENT

Question 20

malignant hypertension

Answer 20

sufficient elevation in BP to cause papilledema and other manifestations of vascular damage. (stroke, aoritc dissection, acute pulmonary edema)

Question 21

suspect hyperaldosteronism when:

Answer 21

HTN is refractory to 3+ drugs
spontaneous hypokalemia
incidental adrenal adenoma.

Question 22

what type of study to order if someone has refractory hypertension

Answer 22

sleep study– OSA is a number one cause of refractory hypertension.

Question 23

first line oral htn meds for pregnancy and lactation

Answer 23

labtelol, methyldopa, long acting nifedipine, other beta blockers, clonidine, thiazides.

Question 24

pharmacological management of menopause

Answer 24

1. hormone therapy (no longer than 5 years, needs balance of estrogen-progesterone unless no uterus)
2. venlafaxine, SSRI, gabapentin to ease vasomotor instability.

Question 25

first line antibiotic for rhino-sinusitis

Answer 25

amoxicillin. second line is clav or a fluoroquinolone. makeee sure you also use intranasal corticosteroids.

Question 26

main bug for strep pharyngitis

Answer 26

group a beta-hemolytic strep

Question 27

key autoimmune disease that causes low basal lower esophageal sphincter tone

Answer 27

scleroderma. causes gerd.