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Paediatrics > Respiratory tract infections > Flashcards

Respiratory tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

what is the causative organism responsible for croup?

A

parainfluenza I

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2
Q

what causative organism is responsible for epiglottis?

A

haemophillus influenza

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3
Q

what is the treatment for croup?

A

dexamethasone

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4
Q

what is the presentation of croup?

A

barking cough
coryza
stridor

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5
Q

what is the presentation of epiglottis?

A

stridor

drooling

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6
Q

what causative organisms are responsible for tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

viral: EBV
bacterial: group A strep

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7
Q

what investigation would you carry out to determine if the source of the tonsillitis was bacterial or viral?

A

throat swab

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8
Q

what is the treatment for bacterial tonsillitis?

A

10 days penicillin

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9
Q

what is the average duration of tonsillitis?

A

7-10 days

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10
Q

what is the average duration of otalgia from otitis media?

A

3-7 days

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11
Q

what can be viewed on otoscope suggestive of ottits media?

A

bulging ear drum
erythema
spontaneous rupture of tympanic membrane

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12
Q

what causative organisms are responsible for bronchitis?

A

haemophillus

pneumococcus

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13
Q

what is the presentation of bronchitis?

A

rattling cough
post-tussive vomit of glut
no wheeze or crepitations

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14
Q

what are the red flag signs with regards to LRTI in children?

A 
age <6 or > 4 yrs 
no relapse-remission
static weight 
disrupts childs weight 
associated SOB when not coughing 
acute admission
other co-morbidities
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15
Q

in what age group is bronchiolitis found?

A

< 12 months

most common at 3 months

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16
Q

what is the presentation of bronchiolitis?

A 
infants < 12 months 
nasal stiffness 
tachypnoea 
poor feeding 
wheeze +/- crackles
17
Q

what is the average duration of bronchiolitis?

A

12-16 days

18
Q

what is the treatment for bronchiolitis?

A

max observation

min intervention

19
Q

what causative organism is responsible for bronchiolitis?

A

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

others include: parainfluenza III & HMPV

20
Q

what is the presentation of pneumonia in a child?

A

> 48 hours fever
cough
SOB
grunting

21
Q

on clinical examination of a patient with suspected pneumonia, what finding would make you think that this wasn’t pneumonia?

A

wheeze

22
Q

what investigations would you carry out to diagnose pneumonia in a child?

A

none

its a clinical diagnosis

23
Q

what’s the treatment for children with pneumonia?

A

nothing if mild
1st line oral amoxicillin
2nd line oral macrolide

( IV if vomiting )

24
Q

when would you term LRTI in a child ‘pneumonia’?

A

if it was focal, there was crepitations and a high fever

25
Q

what sign would you observe on clinical examination of a child with pneumonia?

A

reduced or bronchial breath sounds

if focal - crepitations

26
Q

how do LRTI usually arise in children?

A

initiated by a viral infection which disrupts the normal bacterial community in the LRT

i.e. viral infection i.e. RSV/adenovirus paralyses the cilia with disrupts the mucocilliary escalator which causes colonisation of bacteria

27
Q

what are the side effects of antibiotics in children?

A 
diarrhoea 
oral thrush 
napy rash 
allergic reaction 
resistance
28
Q

in what age group is pertussis most common?

A

school age (5-16yrs)

29
Q

what organism is responsible for tracheitis?

A

staph aureus

30
Q

what is the treatment for tracheitis?

A

IV / oral flucloxacilin +/- ceftriaxone

steroids ?

31
Q

what is the presentation of tracheitis?

A

barking cough
stridor
fever
recurs despite steroids

32
Q

what is the most likely diagnosis for a child who was diagnosed with croup but hasn’t responded to dexamethasone?

A

tracheitis

33
Q

what are differentials of a barking-like cough and stridor?

A

croup
tracheitis
foreign body
epiglottitis

34
Q

what investigation would you carry out for suspected bronchiolitis?

A

nasopharyngeal aspirate

Paediatrics (26 decks)

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