Respiratory tract infections Flashcards
what is the causative organism responsible for croup?
parainfluenza I
what causative organism is responsible for epiglottis?
haemophillus influenza
what is the treatment for croup?
dexamethasone
what is the presentation of croup?
barking cough
coryza
stridor
what is the presentation of epiglottis?
stridor
drooling
what causative organisms are responsible for tonsillitis/pharyngitis?
viral: EBV
bacterial: group A strep
what investigation would you carry out to determine if the source of the tonsillitis was bacterial or viral?
throat swab
what is the treatment for bacterial tonsillitis?
10 days penicillin
what is the average duration of tonsillitis?
7-10 days
what is the average duration of otalgia from otitis media?
3-7 days
what can be viewed on otoscope suggestive of ottits media?
bulging ear drum
erythema
spontaneous rupture of tympanic membrane
what causative organisms are responsible for bronchitis?
haemophillus
pneumococcus
what is the presentation of bronchitis?
rattling cough
post-tussive vomit of glut
no wheeze or crepitations
what are the red flag signs with regards to LRTI in children?
age <6 or > 4 yrs no relapse-remission static weight disrupts childs weight associated SOB when not coughing acute admission other co-morbidities
in what age group is bronchiolitis found?
< 12 months
most common at 3 months
what is the presentation of bronchiolitis?
infants < 12 months nasal stiffness tachypnoea poor feeding wheeze +/- crackles
what is the average duration of bronchiolitis?
12-16 days
what is the treatment for bronchiolitis?
max observation
min intervention
what causative organism is responsible for bronchiolitis?
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
others include: parainfluenza III & HMPV
what is the presentation of pneumonia in a child?
> 48 hours fever
cough
SOB
grunting
on clinical examination of a patient with suspected pneumonia, what finding would make you think that this wasn’t pneumonia?
wheeze
what investigations would you carry out to diagnose pneumonia in a child?
none
its a clinical diagnosis
what’s the treatment for children with pneumonia?
nothing if mild
1st line oral amoxicillin
2nd line oral macrolide
( IV if vomiting )
when would you term LRTI in a child ‘pneumonia’?
if it was focal, there was crepitations and a high fever
what sign would you observe on clinical examination of a child with pneumonia?
reduced or bronchial breath sounds
if focal - crepitations
how do LRTI usually arise in children?
initiated by a viral infection which disrupts the normal bacterial community in the LRT
i.e. viral infection i.e. RSV/adenovirus paralyses the cilia with disrupts the mucocilliary escalator which causes colonisation of bacteria
what are the side effects of antibiotics in children?
diarrhoea oral thrush napy rash allergic reaction resistance
in what age group is pertussis most common?
school age (5-16yrs)
what organism is responsible for tracheitis?
staph aureus
what is the treatment for tracheitis?
IV / oral flucloxacilin +/- ceftriaxone
steroids ?
what is the presentation of tracheitis?
barking cough
stridor
fever
recurs despite steroids
what is the most likely diagnosis for a child who was diagnosed with croup but hasn’t responded to dexamethasone?
tracheitis
what are differentials of a barking-like cough and stridor?
croup
tracheitis
foreign body
epiglottitis
what investigation would you carry out for suspected bronchiolitis?
nasopharyngeal aspirate
