Dermatlogy Flashcards
what is responsible for atopic eczema?
skin barrier dysfunction due to loss of fillaggrin
what is the distribution of eczema in infants and older children?
infants: starts on face/neck and can spread
older children: flexures
what might make eczema worse in childhood?
infections/ viral illness environment: central heating, cold air pets teethings stress
(sometimes no cause for flare)
in what age is seborrhoea dermatitis most commonly found?
< 3 months
tends to get better by 12 months
what is responsible for seborrhoea dermatitis?
proliferation of malassezia yeast
what is the management for seborrhoea dermatitis?
anti fungal shampoos i.e. ketoconazole
mild tropical steroids
emollients
what is the presentation of discoid eczema?
scattered annular/circular patches
itchy
in what areas in pomphylx eczema found?
hands and feet
what type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic eczema?
type IV hypersensitivity (delayed)
how test would you carry out to help in the diagnosis allergic eczema?
patch testing
what tests could you carry out to investigate an immediate eczema reaction?
RAST test (specific IgE) skin prick testing
what’s the most common foods responsible for allergic eczema ?
milk
soy
peanuts
eggs
what are the treatment options for eczema?
emollients and soap substitutes (adjuncts)
topical steroids
calcineurin inhibitors i.e. protopic
UBV phototherapy
immunosuppression i.e. mycophenolate, sulfazalazine
what is the treatment regime for topical steroids in children?
once daily for 1-2 weeks
if improvement the use alternative days for a few more days
if persistent areas can use twice weekly in these areas
if at any point it flares, go back to every day
what is the causative organism of impetigo and what is the treatment?
staph aureus
topical antibacterial: fucidin
oral antibiotic: flucloxacillin
what is the causative organism of molluscs contagiosum, how does it present and what is the treatment?
molluscipox
pearly papule, umbillicated centre
incubation for 2wks - 6 months
5% potassium hydroxide
what is the causative organism of warts and what is the treatment?
human papilloma virus
salicylic acid
what is the causative organism of chicken pox and when is someone contagious?
varicella zoster virus
contagious 1-2 days before rash appears and until lesions have crusted
what causative organism is responsible for slapped cheek and how does it present?
parvovirus
erythematous rash cheeks initially
spreads to trunk and limbs
what are the possible complications from parvovirus (slapped cheek)?
aplastic crisis (if haemolytic disorders) - targets red cels in bone marrow
risk of pregnant women (misscarriage, intrauterine death, hydros fettles)
what causative organism is respnsible for hand foot and mouth?
enterovirus - coxsackie virus A16
other include enterovirus 71 and other coxsackie viruses)
how can you differentiate hand foot and mouth from chicken pox?
checken pox doesn’t usually involve the mouth
give 2 examples of secondary eczema infections.
eczema coxsackium
eczema herpticum
what is the treatment for eczema herpeticum?
acyclovir oral or IV
don’t give steroids as it can cause it to spread
what can orofacial granulomatosis be a presentation of?
crohns disease
what are causes of erythema nodosum?
IBD sarcoidosis strep throat, URTI oral contraceptive pill, sulphonamides, penicillin mycobacterial infection idiopathic
what condition is dermatitis herpetiformis found in?
coeliac disease
what is the treatment for dermatitis herpetiformis in children with coeliac disease?
gluten free diet
topical steroids
dapsone
emollients
what are causes of urticaria?
bacterial infection viral infection NSAIDS, opiates food or drug allergy vaccinations
a child has the chicken pox. what infection control advice would you give?
isolation 5-7 days
