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Paediatrics > Dermatlogy > Flashcards

Dermatlogy Flashcards

1
Q

what is responsible for atopic eczema?

A

skin barrier dysfunction due to loss of fillaggrin

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2
Q

what is the distribution of eczema in infants and older children?

A

infants: starts on face/neck and can spread

older children: flexures

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3
Q

what might make eczema worse in childhood?

A 
infections/ viral illness
environment: central heating, cold air 
pets
teethings 
stress

(sometimes no cause for flare)

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4
Q

in what age is seborrhoea dermatitis most commonly found?

A

< 3 months

tends to get better by 12 months

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5
Q

what is responsible for seborrhoea dermatitis?

A

proliferation of malassezia yeast

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6
Q

what is the management for seborrhoea dermatitis?

A

anti fungal shampoos i.e. ketoconazole
mild tropical steroids
emollients

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7
Q

what is the presentation of discoid eczema?

A

scattered annular/circular patches

itchy

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8
Q

in what areas in pomphylx eczema found?

A

hands and feet

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9
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic eczema?

A

type IV hypersensitivity (delayed)

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10
Q

how test would you carry out to help in the diagnosis allergic eczema?

A

patch testing

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11
Q

what tests could you carry out to investigate an immediate eczema reaction?

A 
RAST test (specific IgE)
skin prick testing
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12
Q

what’s the most common foods responsible for allergic eczema ?

A

milk
soy
peanuts
eggs

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13
Q

what are the treatment options for eczema?

A

emollients and soap substitutes (adjuncts)

topical steroids
calcineurin inhibitors i.e. protopic
UBV phototherapy
immunosuppression i.e. mycophenolate, sulfazalazine

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14
Q

what is the treatment regime for topical steroids in children?

A

once daily for 1-2 weeks
if improvement the use alternative days for a few more days
if persistent areas can use twice weekly in these areas

if at any point it flares, go back to every day

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15
Q

what is the causative organism of impetigo and what is the treatment?

A

staph aureus

topical antibacterial: fucidin
oral antibiotic: flucloxacillin

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16
Q

what is the causative organism of molluscs contagiosum, how does it present and what is the treatment?

A

molluscipox
pearly papule, umbillicated centre

incubation for 2wks - 6 months
5% potassium hydroxide

17
Q

what is the causative organism of warts and what is the treatment?

A

human papilloma virus

salicylic acid

18
Q

what is the causative organism of chicken pox and when is someone contagious?

A

varicella zoster virus

contagious 1-2 days before rash appears and until lesions have crusted

19
Q

what causative organism is responsible for slapped cheek and how does it present?

A

parvovirus
erythematous rash cheeks initially
spreads to trunk and limbs

20
Q

what are the possible complications from parvovirus (slapped cheek)?

A

aplastic crisis (if haemolytic disorders) - targets red cels in bone marrow

risk of pregnant women (misscarriage, intrauterine death, hydros fettles)

21
Q

what causative organism is respnsible for hand foot and mouth?

A

enterovirus - coxsackie virus A16

other include enterovirus 71 and other coxsackie viruses)

22
Q

how can you differentiate hand foot and mouth from chicken pox?

A

checken pox doesn’t usually involve the mouth

23
Q

give 2 examples of secondary eczema infections.

A

eczema coxsackium

eczema herpticum

24
Q

what is the treatment for eczema herpeticum?

A

acyclovir oral or IV

don’t give steroids as it can cause it to spread

25
Q

what can orofacial granulomatosis be a presentation of?

A

crohns disease

26
Q

what are causes of erythema nodosum?

A 
IBD 
sarcoidosis 
strep throat, URTI 
oral contraceptive pill, sulphonamides, penicillin
mycobacterial infection 
idiopathic
27
Q

what condition is dermatitis herpetiformis found in?

A

coeliac disease

28
Q

what is the treatment for dermatitis herpetiformis in children with coeliac disease?

A

gluten free diet
topical steroids
dapsone
emollients

29
Q

what are causes of urticaria?

A 
bacterial infection
viral infection
NSAIDS, opiates 
food or drug allergy 
vaccinations
30
Q

a child has the chicken pox. what infection control advice would you give?

A

isolation 5-7 days

Paediatrics (26 decks)

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