Neonatology- Common postnatal problems

Question 1

what is erythema toxicum?

Answer 1

commonest newborn rash 
maculopapular rash 
not itchy or sore 
cause unknown 
usually goes away by 1st week of life 
no treatment required
occurs in 30-70% full term babies

Question 2

what is a mongolian blue spot and where do they normally occur?

Answer 2

benign accumulation of melanocytes

often lower back , buttocks

Question 3

what is a stork mark and where do they normally occur?

Answer 3

flat pink lesion present at birth, salmon patchers
capillary dilatation
usually back of neck or midline of face
gradually fades within 1st 2 years of life

Question 4

what syndromes are associated with port wine stain?

Answer 4

storage weber syndrome (seizures later in life)

klippel-trenaunay (overgrowth of limb affected)

Question 5

what is a port wine stain?

Answer 5

present at birth

dilated mature capillaries in the superficial dermis

Question 6

give 2 examples of capillary vascular malformations.

Answer 6

port wine stain

stork mark

Question 7

what is a capillary haemagioma and where does it usually occur?

Answer 7

strawberry naevus
cluster of dilated capillaries which appear within 1st month of life
raised, bright red, occurs anywhere in the body
regress after 1 year of age

Question 8

at what blood glucose level is hypoglycaemic in neonates?

Answer 8

< 2 mmol/L

Question 9

when is bedside testing for blood glucose in a neonate inaccurate?

Answer 9

very high or low levels of blood glucose
poor perfusion / hypoxic
polycythaemia

in these instances get a lab result

Question 10

what are symptoms of hypoglycaemia in a neonate?

Answer 10

jitteriness
temperature instability 
lethargy 
hypotonia 
apnoea
irregular respirations
poor suck/ feeding 
vomiting 
high pitched or weak cry 
seizures

Question 11

how would you manage a neonate who is hypothermic?

Answer 11

dry quickly 
remove wet linen 
use warm towels/blankets 
provide radiant warmer heat 
use heated/humidifed oxygen

Question 12

when would you refer for a frenotomy for a tongue tie?

Answer 12

feeding is affected

protrusion beyond the alveolar margins

Question 13

what is the presentation of retinoblastoma?

Answer 13

leukocoria (white pupillary reflex)
strabismus (squint)
reduced vision

Question 14

what is the difference in the onset of bilateral and unilateral retinoblastoma?

Answer 14

bilateral presents earlier at median 8 months old

unilateral presents later at 28 months

Question 15

a mother is worried that her baby has rust coloured marks on her babies nappy.
what is this most likely to be?

Answer 15

urate crystals

dehydration

Question 16

what is a cephalohaematoma?

Answer 16

soft bilateral swelling over the side of the head

non translucent swelling

Question 17

what other problem might babies with talipes have?

Answer 17

developmental dysplasia of the hip