Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Diseases > Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the common cold?

A

Coryza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is coryza?

A

Acute viral infection of the nasal passages. Spread by droplets and fomites/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the symptoms of coryza?

A

Rhinorrea
Mild fever
sore throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the complications of coryza?

A

Sinusitis

Acute bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is acute sinusitis?

A

Preceded by the common cold.

Purulent masal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is diptheria?

A

A life threatening upper respiratory tract illness caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is diptheria so life threatening?

A

Toxin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the characteristics of diptheria?

A

Pseudomembrane of the tonsils

Swollen ‘bull’ neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is acute epiglottitis?

A

Inflammation of the epigottis usually in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes epiglottis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the complications of acute epiglottitis?

A

Respiratory obstuction

Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you diagnose acute epiglottitis?

A

Upper respiratory tract
Small gram negatic bacillus on microscopy
Choclate agar- small translucent colonies on cultue
X and V test- H.influenza requires both to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment for acute epiglottitis?

A

ITU and ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is acute bronchitis?

A

The cold which goes to the chest

Preceded by coryza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the clinical features of acute bronchitis?

A

Productive cough
Fever
Normal chest examination and normal CXT
Transcient wheeze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment for acute bronchitis?

A

Self limiting

unless underlying chronic lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an acute exacerbation of COPD?

A

Worsening COPD symptoms due to a viral or bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the clinical features of an exacerbation of COPD?

A

Preceded by upper resp tract infection- viral
Worsening sputum production- purulent now
More wheezy
Increased breathless ness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What may be found on examination in a patient with an acute exacerbation of COPD?

A

Coarse crackles
Cyanosis
Ankle oedema in advanced disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What usually cause an exacerbation of COPD?

A

Viral 30 percnet

Bacterial- 50 percent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What bacteria most commonly cause exacerbations of COPD?

A

Normal upper resp flora:
H.influenzae
Strep. pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis

22
Q

What is the treatment for acute exacerbations of COPD?

A

Give antibiotics if increased purulence. Antibiotics not needed if no increased sputum unles CXR shows consilidation/pneumonia. Treat same way as mild CAP pneumonia.
Consider bronchodilator inhalers
Steroids in some cases

23
Q

When would you admit a patient with a COPD exacerbation to hospital?

A

Evidence of resp failure

Not coping at home

24
Q

How would you manage a patient with COPD exacerbation in hospital?

A

ABG
CXR
Oxygen if there is resp failure

25
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Inheritied defect which leads to abnormally viscid mucus which blocks tubular structures in many different organs including the lungs thus chronic resp infection a problem

26
Q

What bacteria tend to cause infections in CF?

A

Staph aureus and H.influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Burkholderia cepacia

27
Q

What is pertussis?

A

Whooping cough

Acute tracheobronchitis

28
Q

What causes whooping cough?

A

Bordella pertussis

29
Q

What are the clinical features of whooping cough?

A

Cold like symptoms for two weeks
Paroxysmal coughing for two weeks (violent)
vomiting common
residual cough for a month or so

30
Q

How do you diagnose pertusis?

A

Pernasal swab
Serology
Clinical

31
Q

What is the treatment for whooping cough?

A

Most effective in first ten days

Vaccine

32
Q

How are influenza cases described?

A

Seasonal- every year- small number of cases
Pandemic- not very often- large number of cases, rapid spread, minimal immunity
Bird flu- migration of avian flu to poultry workers- high mortality- little man to man transmission

33
Q

What are the clinical features of flu?

A 
Incubation 1-4 days
Abrupt onset 
Fever, chills, headache, sore throat, myalgia, malaise, anorexia, dry cough, prostration
Clear nasal discharge
3-5 days in bed
5-6 days recovery
34
Q

What can be the causes of flu?

A 
Classical:
Influenza A- world wide pandemics- develops new antigens
Influenza B-local outbreaks
Flu- like illneses:
Parainfluenza
Bacterial:
H.influenzae
Secondary invader
35
Q

What are the complications of flu?

A

Primary influenzal pneumonia- high mortality- bloody sputum
Secondary bacterial pneumonia- new fever on day 7
Myosistis
Encephalitis
Depression

36
Q

What are the treatments for flu?

A

Bed rest, fluids, paracetamol

Anti-viral drugs

37
Q

What anti viral drugs are used to treat flu?

A

Neuramindase inhibitors:
Zanamavir
Oseltamivir (tamiflu) oral- many benefits reduce symptom time, reduce antibiotic use

38
Q

What is H5N1?

A

Pathigenic avian flue

Influenza A

39
Q

How woulf you confirm a flu diagnosis?

A 
PCR- detect virus
Nasopharyngeal swabs
Throat swabs
Antigen detection 
Virus culture
Immunofluorescense
40
Q

How is flu prevented?

A

Vacinnation- killed

Intra nasal live vaccine in children

41
Q

What flu prophylaxis is indicated?

A

NICE indicate antiviral prophylaxis after exposure- rarely used
During ‘containment phase of first wave of pandemic

42
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

Inflammation of the bronchioloes in the 1st and 2nd year of life

43
Q

What are the clinical features of bronciolitis?

A 
Fever
Coryza
Cough
Wheeze
Severe case- gruntin, decrease PaO2, intercostal, sternal indrawing
44
Q

What are the complications of bronciolitis?

A

Resp and cardiac failure

45
Q

What causes bronchiolitis?

A

Respiratory Syncytial virus

46
Q

How do you confirm bronchiolotis?

A

PCR by throat or pernasal swabs

47
Q

What therapy is used to treat bronchiolitis?

A

Supportive

Nebulised ribavirin no longer used

48
Q

How are outbreaks of bronchiolitis controled?

A

No vaccine
In hospital- cohort nusing
Passive immunity with monoclonal antibodies not effective

49
Q

What other virus is common in children with acute resp tract infection such as bronciolitis?

A

Metapneumovirus

50
Q

What can chlamydia trachomatis cause?

A

STI which can cause infantile pneumonia

diagnosed with PCR

51
Q

What can chlamydophila pneumoniae cause?

A

Mild resp infections

person to person spread

Respiratory Diseases (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions