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Respiratory Diseases > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What is asthma?

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by hyperactive airways leading to episodic bronchocontriction in response to stimuli.

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2
Q

How can asthma be classified?

A

Extrinsic= allergic/atopic- more in children

Intrinsic eg cold exercise, asprin use, b blockers- more in adults

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3
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with asthma?

A

Type 1

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4
Q

What immune cell mediates asthma?

A

eosinophils

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5
Q

What are the consequences of the chronic inflammation in asthma?

A 
Hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle
increades mucus
oedema
epithelial nerve damage- sensory nerves exposed- hyperresponsiveness
airway remodelling
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6
Q

What are the phases of an asthma attack?

A

Immediate bronchoconstriction

Late phase- inflammation

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7
Q

What is produced in allergic asthma?

A

Increased TH2

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8
Q

What does increased Th2 cause?

A

Increased IgE production

Eosinophilic infilatations

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9
Q

What causes the increase in IgE?

A

IL- 4

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10
Q

What causes the increase in eosinophils cells?

A

IL-5

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11
Q

What does the IgE do?

A

Binds to mast cells which degranulate upon reexposure to the antigen

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12
Q

What do mast cells release?

A

Chemotaxins and chemokines= platelet activating factor, prostoglandins
Smasmogens= histamine, leukotrienes

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma?

A

Intermittent dyspnoea
Wheeze
Nocturnal cough
Sputum

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14
Q

What are the signs of asthma?

A

Hyperinflation
Hyperressonant percussion note
Diminished air entry
Polyphonic wheeze

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15
Q

What are the indications of a sever asthma attack?

A

Pulse >110
RR>25
PEF 33-50%

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16
Q

What are the indications of a life threathening asthma attach?

A 
Silent chest
cyanosis
Unconcious
Brady cardia
PEF <33%
17
Q

What investigations are used to diagnose asthma in an acute attack?

A

PEF

ABG shows hyperventilation as both PaO2 and PaCo2 decreased

18
Q

How is chronic asthma investigated?

A

PEF
spirometry
skin prick

19
Q

What are possible complications of asthma?

A

Pneumothorax

20
Q

What are the treatments of asthma?

A 
Step 1- SABA
Step 2- Steroid
Step 3 LABA
Step 4- CystLT1
Cromolins
Xanthines
Monoclonals
Step 5- prednisolone

Respiratory Diseases (13 decks)

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