Lung Diseases in Children Flashcards
What is respiratory distress syndrome?
Lack of surfactant in newborns usually premature.
Results in atectasis and impairment of gas exchange
When is surfactant made?
30- 32 weeks gestastion
How is surfactant production stimulated in RDS?
Steroids
What are the potential consequences of RDS?
Pneumothorax
Resp failure
Death
What other times can a pneumothorax occur in new borns?
IPPV
CPAP
and ventilation
Spontaneous
What is chronic lung disease in a child?
Oxygen requirement beyond 36 corrected gestation plus evidence of pulmonary parenchymal disease on CXR
When does chronic lung disease occur?
Following RDS
What is dextrocardia?
Heart on right side instead of left
When does a diaphragmatic hernia occur in newborns?
Associtated pulmonary hypoplasia
Where are the commonest diaphragmatic hernias?
Posterolateral, left side
What is cystic fibrosis?
Autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene
What possible symptoms of CF?
Cough Loose stools Failure to thrive raised trypsin level F508 deletion
What effects can passive smoking have on neonates and children?
Reduces birthweight Miscarriage Cleft lip/palate Glue ear Increased chance of asthma
What organisms commonly cause pneumonia in neonates?
GBS, E.coli, Klebseilla, Staph aureus
What is a common cause of pneumonia in infants?
Strep pneumoniae
Chlamidia
