RESPIRATORY TEST

Question 1

Ventilation

Answer 1

air in and out of the lungs

Question 2

External respiration

Answer 2

exchange of gasses between lungs and blood

Question 3

Inhalation (Inspiration)

Answer 3

Air enters through the nose/mouth from the atmosphere.
HIGH to low pressure

Question 4

Exhalation (Expiration)

Answer 4

Air is expelled from the lungs through the nose/mouth.
- Passive due to elastic recoil
- Can be forced with abdominal muscles

Question 5

Gas transport

Answer 5

How the blood and gasses move through the body

Question 6

Internal respiration

Answer 6

Exchange of gasses between the blood and the body cells

Question 7

Cellular respiration

Answer 7

How the oxygen and other things are used within the cell.

Question 8

Gas Exchange

Answer 8

How the oxygen gets into the blood + CO2 gets out in the pulmonary capillaries.

Question 9

Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 9

regular amount of air in 1 cycle: in + out
- 500mL

Question 10

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Answer 10

additional air FORCED in a larger breath consciously
- 1,200mL

Question 11

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 11

Additional air FORCED out of lungs consciously
- 1,200mL

Question 12

Residual Volume (RV)

Answer 12

Air ALWAYS remains in the lungs even after ERV.

Question 13

What is the total lung capacity for an adult man?

Answer 13

about 6L

Question 14

What is the total lung capacity for an adult woman?

Answer 14

10% less than a man (6L)

Question 15

What happens when we swallow?

Answer 15

epiglottis flips down to protect lungs from food/liquid.
glottis (vocal cords) also closes beneath the epiglottis.

Question 16

What kind of cells are goblet cells?

Answer 16

Columnar epithelial cells

Question 17

What is the Nasopharynx?

Answer 17

Junction between nasal cavity and throat.

Question 18

What is the Oropharynx?

Answer 18

Junction between mouth and throat.

Question 19

What is the Larynogopharynx?

Answer 19

Junction between pharynx and larynx and esophagus.

Question 20

What are the nasal sinuses?
What are they lined with?
What do they do?

Answer 20

An open cavity filled with air.
Lined with mucous membranes.
Decreases the weight of head.
Makes your voice sound like you.

Question 21

What is a Nasal cavity?
What does it look like?
What does it do?

Answer 21

Cavity behind the nose.
Split in 2 by septum.
Cilia and mucus linings drain into the throat (pharynx)

Question 22

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 22

the adam’s apple
- male DNA makes it larger

Question 23

the tongue connects to what side of the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 23

posterior side

Question 24

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 24

attaches the larynx to trachea
-internally has artenoid cartilage (under muscle)

Question 25

Trachea

Answer 25

“windpipe” -sits anterior to esophagus - 20 C shapes cartilage rings

Question 26

what does the Esophagus do when you’re not swallowing?

Answer 26

closes flat when not actively swallowing

Question 27

What is the glottis?

Answer 27

the space of vocal cords (opening and closing)

Question 28

what are the Vocal cords?

Answer 28

muscular bands that vibrate to make your voice

Question 29

what are the vestibular folds?

Answer 29

(false vocal cords) help with closure

Question 30

what does the trachea do to the air?

Answer 30

warms and humidifies it

Question 31

how many levels of branching in the bronchioles?

Answer 31

20 levels

Question 32

what do the alveolar ducts do?

Answer 32

veins and arteries that bring blood too and from the alveoli to get oxygen

Question 33

what is the alveolar sac?

Answer 33

the bundle of alveoli

Question 34

Alveoli are lined with…

Answer 34

surfactant (a repellent of fat and protein) to prevent collapse

Question 35

what is the pleural cavity?

Answer 35

the cavity that wraps around the lungs

Question 36

what is visceral pleura?

Answer 36

inner layer; attached to lung

Question 37

what is parietal pleura?

Answer 37

outer layer; lines thoracic cavity

Question 38

what can cause bronchoconstricton

Answer 38

- allergic reaction - hyper ventilation

Question 39

nonrespiratory movements

Answer 39

things we do to clear airway/ express emotions -cough/sneeze -laugh/cry

Question 40

what % of O2 is transported in plasma?

Answer 40

1-2%

Question 41

what % of O2 is transported w/ iron on hemoglobin?

Answer 41

98-99%

Question 42

what % of CO2 is transported in water plasma?

Answer 42

7%

Question 43

what % of CO2 is transported on carbamiru- hemoglobin attached to amino acids?

Answer 43

23%

Question 44

what does the other 7% of CO2 do?

Answer 44

reacts with H2O to make carbonic acid

Question 45

what does the carbonic acid do?

Answer 45

dissociates to H+ and HCO2-1

Question 47

How can emotional factors affect respiratory control?

Answer 47

hypothamus - fear or stress induced + or -

Question 48

how can chemical factors affect respiratory control?

Answer 48

Chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries - CO2 concentration in blood (+ or -) - O2 concentration in blood (+ or -)

Question 49

What is the MOST important factor that stimulates breathing?

Answer 49

Amount of CO2 in blood

Question 50

how can physical factors control respiratory control?

Answer 50

skeletal muscles- requiring more ox during exercise (+) lungs- stretch receptors in alveoli (-)

Question 51

What is the function of cilia in respiratory tubes?

Answer 51

moves debris up and out of the air way

Question 52

How is breathing affected if the smooth muscle in the bronchi tree relax?

Answer 52

Bronchodilation more air is allowed in because the bronchi are larger in diameter.

Question 53

breathing can also be called?

Answer 53

ventilation