DIGESTIVE TEST Flashcards
Final step of digestion
-Small intestine secretions
-bile
-pancreatic juices
What does the Small intestine do?
absorbs nutrients
-lymph vein
-blood vessels
What does the small intestine secret?
- mucus; to keep things moving
- CCK (duodenum) stimulates the liver and pancreas
- Intestinal juices (peptidase, maltase, sucrase, lactase, enterokinase)
In what order does the food travel through your digestive system? (9 steps)
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
What are the Large intestines’ functions?
- small amount of H2O absorption
-bacterial flora/growth ~ synthezie vitamins
-remove waste
What does the rectum do?
It collects waste until enough pressure is on the involuntary anal sphincter
Name the layers of the Alimentary canal in order external to internal
Serosa
Longitudinal muscle
circular muscle
(oblige muscle if stomach)
submucosa
mucosa
What does the liver do?
Filters blood (eats old RBS) (alc and drugs)
Analyzes (sugar, vitamins cholesterol)
Secretes bile
What does the gallbladder do?
stores bile
-on demand into the duodenum
What does the pancreas do?
blood sugar regulation (Insulin) on demand
Neutralize HCI acid (sodium bicarbonate) on demand
What does the longitudinal muscle do in the stomach?
churn and propel
What does the rugae do in the stomach?
mucosa layer is very folded so that the food can come in contact with more gastric juices.
Mucous cells
mucus protects stomach lining
chief cells
pepsingen (inactive)
Parietal cells
HCl acid
-kills bacteria
-activates pepsin
What is chyme and where does it start?
Bolus + gastric juices
starts in the rugae and enters the deudum
Ingestion
Takes in food
mouth and pharynx
swallow
propulsion
moves the food
esophagus, stomach, SI, LI
peristalsis
Mechanical digestion
Chewing and churning
mouth, stomach, SI, LI
Chemical digestion
enzymes
mouth, stomach, SI, LI
Egestion (absorption)
blood stream
cellular capillary exchange
Egestion (defecation)
eliminating waste
rectum and anus
What is serosa
membrane that secretes fluid to reduce friction
what is muscullaris?
layer of muscles
-circular layer
-longitudinal layer
what is submucosa?
Glands
blood vessels
nerver fibers
what is mucosa?
1 secretion of mucus, enzymes, and hormones
2 absorption
3 lymphatic tissues
what is bolus?
chewed food + saliva
mouth to stomach
What happens when you swallow?
spiglottis blocks the trachea
soft palate and uvula block nose
tongue blocks oral cavity
all breathing stops
pharyngeal muscle contract
_____ are substances needed by the body for growth, maintenance, and repair.
nutrients
The process of breaking food down into nutrients is called ____
digestion
Accessory organs
-salivary glands
-pancreas
-liver
-gallbladder
Another name for the gastrointestinal tract is the ____
alimentary canal
Definition of absorption
nutrients traveling from the GI tract into the blood stream
Definition of ingestion
voluntary process of taking food or drink into body
Definition of defecation
elimination of solid waste from the body
In the mouth, ______ digestion is accomplished by the teeth and tongue
mechanical
Salivary amylase is responsible for ______ digestion
chemical digestion
Another word for chewing is
mastication
Swallowing is also called ____
deglutition
The partially digested ball of food that is swallowed is called _____
bolus
The area behind the nose and mouth that serves as a passage way for food, air, and liquids.
pharynx
The esophagus is located ____ to the trachea
posterior
Food is pushed through the esophagus by alternating muscular contractions called _____
peristalsis
The esophagus carries food from the mouth to the _____
stomach
Chyme leaves the stomach and enters the _____
duodenum
Food enters the stomach through the _____ sphincter
cardiac/esophageal sphincter
The muscle layer only found in the stomach
oblique
The first part of small intestine where most of digestion occurs
duodenum
Broad fan shaped tissue that anchors the small intestine
mesentery
Enzymes that complete the final stages of carbohydrates and protein digestion in the small intestine
peptidase
What are the 2 structural modifications that increase the small intestines surface area?
Villi and micro villi
The large intestine is also called the _____
colon
The fingerlike projection suspended from the cecum is the _____
appendix
______ digestion beigins in the mouth with enzymes produced by the _____
carbohydrate, salivary glands
What enzyme breaks down protein
Pepsin(stomach), Peptidase (SI)
What enzyme breaks down carbs/starches
Amylase
what transforms pepsinogen into pepsin
Hydrochloric acid
Hormone that triggers the increased secretion of gastric juice
Gastrin
Secretion that emulsifies fats
bile
Enzyme that breaks down white/cane sugar
sucrase
enzyme that breaks down lactose
lactase
Enzyme that creates pepsin once exposed to HCl
pepsinogen
secretion that neutralizes hydrochloric acid
sodium bicarbonate
What nutrient does pancreatic amylase digest?
Carbs and starches
What nutrient does typsin and chymotrypsin digest?
proteins
what nutrient does pancreatic lipase digest?
fats
