DIGESTIVE TEST Flashcards by Kadence Hren

Final step of digestion

-Small intestine secretions
-bile
-pancreatic juices

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What does the Small intestine do?

absorbs nutrients
-lymph vein
-blood vessels

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What does the small intestine secret?

mucus; to keep things moving
CCK (duodenum) stimulates the liver and pancreas
Intestinal juices (peptidase, maltase, sucrase, lactase, enterokinase)

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In what order does the food travel through your digestive system? (9 steps)

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

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What are the Large intestines’ functions?

small amount of H2O absorption
-bacterial flora/growth ~ synthezie vitamins
-remove waste

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What does the rectum do?

It collects waste until enough pressure is on the involuntary anal sphincter

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Name the layers of the Alimentary canal in order external to internal

Serosa
Longitudinal muscle
circular muscle
(oblige muscle if stomach)
submucosa
mucosa

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What does the liver do?

Filters blood (eats old RBS) (alc and drugs)
Analyzes (sugar, vitamins cholesterol)
Secretes bile

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What does the gallbladder do?

stores bile
-on demand into the duodenum

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What does the pancreas do?

blood sugar regulation (Insulin) on demand
Neutralize HCI acid (sodium bicarbonate) on demand

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What does the longitudinal muscle do in the stomach?

churn and propel

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What does the rugae do in the stomach?

mucosa layer is very folded so that the food can come in contact with more gastric juices.

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Mucous cells

mucus protects stomach lining

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chief cells

pepsingen (inactive)

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Parietal cells

HCl acid
-kills bacteria
-activates pepsin

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What is chyme and where does it start?

Bolus + gastric juices
starts in the rugae and enters the deudum

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Ingestion

Takes in food
mouth and pharynx
swallow

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propulsion

moves the food
esophagus, stomach, SI, LI
peristalsis

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Mechanical digestion

Chewing and churning
mouth, stomach, SI, LI

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Chemical digestion

enzymes
mouth, stomach, SI, LI

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Egestion (absorption)

blood stream
cellular capillary exchange

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Egestion (defecation)

eliminating waste
rectum and anus

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What is serosa

membrane that secretes fluid to reduce friction

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what is muscullaris?

layer of muscles
-circular layer
-longitudinal layer

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what is submucosa?

Glands blood vessels nerver fibers

what is mucosa?

1 secretion of mucus, enzymes, and hormones 2 absorption 3 lymphatic tissues

what is bolus?

chewed food + saliva mouth to stomach

What happens when you swallow?

spiglottis blocks the trachea soft palate and uvula block nose tongue blocks oral cavity all breathing stops pharyngeal muscle contract

_____ are substances needed by the body for growth, maintenance, and repair.

nutrients

The process of breaking food down into nutrients is called ____

digestion

Accessory organs

-salivary glands -pancreas -liver -gallbladder

Another name for the gastrointestinal tract is the ____

alimentary canal

Definition of absorption

nutrients traveling from the GI tract into the blood stream

Definition of ingestion

voluntary process of taking food or drink into body

Definition of defecation

elimination of solid waste from the body

In the mouth, ______ digestion is accomplished by the teeth and tongue

mechanical

Salivary amylase is responsible for ______ digestion

chemical digestion

Another word for chewing is

mastication

Swallowing is also called ____

deglutition

The partially digested ball of food that is swallowed is called _____

bolus

The area behind the nose and mouth that serves as a passage way for food, air, and liquids.

pharynx

The esophagus is located ____ to the trachea

posterior

Food is pushed through the esophagus by alternating muscular contractions called _____

peristalsis

The esophagus carries food from the mouth to the _____

stomach

Chyme leaves the stomach and enters the _____

duodenum

Food enters the stomach through the _____ sphincter

cardiac/esophageal sphincter

The muscle layer only found in the stomach

oblique

The first part of small intestine where most of digestion occurs

duodenum

Broad fan shaped tissue that anchors the small intestine

mesentery

Enzymes that complete the final stages of carbohydrates and protein digestion in the small intestine

peptidase

What are the 2 structural modifications that increase the small intestines surface area?

Villi and micro villi

The large intestine is also called the _____

colon

The fingerlike projection suspended from the cecum is the _____

appendix

______ digestion beigins in the mouth with enzymes produced by the _____

carbohydrate, salivary glands

What enzyme breaks down protein

Pepsin(stomach), Peptidase (SI)

What enzyme breaks down carbs/starches

Amylase

what transforms pepsinogen into pepsin

Hydrochloric acid

Hormone that triggers the increased secretion of gastric juice

Gastrin

Secretion that emulsifies fats

bile

Enzyme that breaks down white/cane sugar

sucrase

enzyme that breaks down lactose

lactase

Enzyme that creates pepsin once exposed to HCl

pepsinogen

secretion that neutralizes hydrochloric acid

sodium bicarbonate

What nutrient does pancreatic amylase digest?

Carbs and starches

What nutrient does typsin and chymotrypsin digest?

proteins

what nutrient does pancreatic lipase digest?

fats