CARDIOVASCULAR TEST Flashcards
What does the pulmonary circuit do?
Carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back.
What are the 3 things included in the Pulmonary circuit
- pulmonary trunk
- pulmonary arteries
- pulmonary veins
what does the systemic circuit do?
carried blood from the heart to the body and back.
what is included in the systemic system?
- vena cava brings blood back to <3
- aorta puts blood into body
- whole body (head, arms, legs, torso)
what does the Superior Vena Cava (SVC) do?
Returns blood back to the heart from the upper body.
What does the Right atrium do?
-receives deoxygenated blood from body tissue
-covered by auricle
What do the coronary blood vessels do?
- provide oxygen to the heart itself
- veins and arteries
What does the right ventricle do?
receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium.
What does the Inferior vena cava (IVC) do?
Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lower body.
What does the aorta do?
takes oxygenated blood to body tissues.
What do the pulmonary arteries do?
carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up more oxygen.
What does the left atrium do?
-recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs
-covered by auricle
What does the left ventricle do?
receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium
what is the apex?
the tip (bottom) of the heart
what is the base?
the top of the heart
Rank veins, capillaries and arteries by their flow rate.
- Arteries (high flow rate)
- Veins
3 Capillaries (low flow rate)
What are the 3 layers of tunica in Veins and Arteries
- Tunica interna
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
What do capillaries do?
-pass blood between arteries and veins
What 4 things affect Heart rate?
Stress
Hormones
Ions
Physical Factors
How does stress affect heart rate?
Sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system
what hormones affect heart rate?
epinephrine and thyroxine raise heart rate
How do Ions affect heart rate?
electrolyte imbalances impair heart contractions
What physical factors affect heart rate?
Age
Temp
Overall health
how does exercise affect the hearts stroke volume?
it increases the volume
- additional blood returns from contracting skeletal muscles
How does rapid blood loss affect the hearts stroke volume?
decreases blood returning to the heart
What is pericardium?
Membranous sac that encloses the heart
What does FIBROUS pericardium do?
is it moist or dry?
Connective tissue that attaches the heart to the chest wall.
-dry
What does SEROUS pericardium do?
Is it moist or dry?
is the protective covering of the heart.
-Moist to reduce friction
-Delicate
What is PARIETAL pericardium?
serous pericardium
- the outermost layer
What is VISCERAL pericardium (epicardium)?
serous pericardium
-Inner layer (touches the heart)
What is the pericardial cavity?
A fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral pericardium that reduces friction.
What is EPIcardium (visceral pericardium)?
The outermost layer of the heart muscle.
What is MYOcardium?
The THICK layer of heart muscle between the epicardium and the endocardium.
-varies in thickness from L -> R
What is ENDOcardium?
The THIN, inner layer of heart muscle.
-mostly epithelial tissue
-Purkinje fibers
What is the difference between the digestive organs and the rest of the bodies blood circulation?
The digestive organs are brought through the Celiac A and then to the organs and then are FILTERED through the liver so no toxins get in the body.
What is the real name for a heart attack?
Myocardial infarction
What is it called when the walls of an artery weaken and balloon out?
Aneurysm
Where is the heart located in the body?
between the 2nd and 5th rib
Primary Function of Cardiovascular system?
Transport substances throughout the body
The heart is located in the ____, the middle cavity of the thorax
Mediastinum
_____ anchor valve to the heart wall
chordae tendineae
_____ valves are closed when ventricles contract
Atrioventricular (AV), tricuspid/bicuspid
_____ valves are closed when the ventricles fill with blood
Semilunar Aorta/pulmonary
What is the real name of the SA node
sinoatrial node
____ encludes the events of an entire heart beat
cardiac cycle
Diastole
relaxation
systole
contraction
‘Lub’ sound is when ____
The AV valves are closing
circle of willis provides alternate blood flow to protect _____
the brain
‘Dup’ sound is when ____
The semilunar valves are closing
Left side of the heart is the ____ pump
Systemic pump
Right side of the heart is the ____ pump
pulmonary pump
What is the cardiac output?
the amount of blood pumped in 1 minute
How is the cardiac output found?
Heart rate X stroke volume
Average BP
120/80
