Respiratory Systems

Question 1

Inspiration

Answer 1

Movement of air into lungs (inhalation)

Question 2

Expiration

Answer 2

Movement of air out of lungs (exhalation)

Question 3

Respiration

Answer 3

Release of energy in cells

Question 4

Describe movement of intercostal and diaphragm when you inhale

Answer 4

Intercostal muscles contract so ribcage moves upwards and outwards
Diaphragm moves downwards increasing volume in of chest cavity
Pressure inside lungs falls
Air rushes in

Question 5

Describe movement of intercostal and diaphragm when you exhale

Answer 5

Intercostal muscles relax so ribcage moves downwards
Diaphragm moves upwards and relaxes decreasing volume in chest cavity
Pressure inside lungs rises
Air pushed out

Question 6

Where does gaseous exchange occur

Describe this

Answer 6

In the alveoli by diffusion between air and blood

Oxygen enters blood in lungs and leaves the blood in body tissues while carbon dioxide enters blood in body tissues and leaves through lungs

Question 7

Tidal air can measure lung capacity

Describe it

Answer 7

Tidal air is volume of air breathed in (or out) in a normal breath

Question 8

Vital capacity air can measure lung capacity

Describe it

Answer 8

Maximum volume of gas which can be used for gas exchange in the lungs

Question 9

Residual air can measure lung capacity

Describe it

Answer 9

Volume of air that stays in the lungs, even at the end of a maximum exhale

Question 10

How are the alveoli adapted for their job of exchanging gases

Answer 10

Massive surface area
Moist, thin permeable surface (one cell thick)
Very good blood supply

Question 11

How do the trachea and bronchi trap dust and microorganisms

Answer 11

The linings of the trachea and bronchi covered with millions of cilia moving mucus out of lungs into throat to be swallowed and killed by stomach acid

Trachea and bronchi lined with goblet cells (produce mucus to trap dust and microorganisms)

Question 12

What will happen if dust or bacteria is not removed by cilia

Answer 12

Stuck in alveoli

Question 13

Abestosis

Answer 13

Industrial disease:
Inhaling asbestos fibres causing inflammation and scaring of alveoli
Reduces efficient gas exchange, person breathless and coughs lots

Question 14

Asthma

How do inhalers work

Answer 14

Bronchioles constrict when irritated, mucus produced
Hard to breathe so coughing, wheezing, tight chest common symptoms ( asthma attack)

Inhaler contains medicine to relax bronchioles muscles and open airways

Question 15

Bronchitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of tubes leading into lungs ( bronchi)

Question 16

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 16

Genetically inherited

Too much sticky mucus produced in bronchioles making breathing difficult

Question 17

Lung cancer

Answer 17

Often caused by lifestyle
Tar in cigarette smoke causes cells in lungs to mutate
Can form tumour reducing surface area of lungs

Question 18

Pneumonia

Answer 18

Disease usually caused by virus or bacterial infection

Inflammation in lungs where fluid builds up

Question 19

Breathing

Answer 19

Air/water passes into or over a respiratory surface such as lungs/gills
Sometimes known as ventilation