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[MT] Lesson 4: Oncology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Respiratory System > Respiratory System Terms > Flashcards

Respiratory System Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Adenoids

A

Another term for pharyngeal tonsils; tonsils are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering body through nose or mouth

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2
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs at end of each bronchiole; alveoli are surrounded by capillary network; gas exchange takes place as oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across alveolar and capillary walls

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3
Q

Apex

A

Directional term meaning tip or summit; an area of lungs and heart

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4
Q

Auditory Tube

A

Another name for eustachian tube connecting middle ear and pharynx

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5
Q

Base

A

Directional term meaning bottom or lower part

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6
Q

Bronchial Tube

A

Organ of respiratory system that carries air into each lung

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7
Q

Bronchioles

A

Narrowest air tubes in lungs; each bronchiole terminates in tiny air sacs called alveoli

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8
Q

Bronchus

A

Distal end of trachea splits into left and right main bronchi as it enters each lung; each main bronchus is subdivided into smaller branches; smallest bronchi are bronchioles; each bronchiole ends in tiny air sacs called alveoli

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9
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

Waste product of cellular energy production; is removed from cells by blood and eliminated from body by lungs

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10
Q

Cilia

A

Term for eyelashes that protect eye from foreign particles or for nasal hairs that help filter dust and bacteria out of inhaled air

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11
Q

Diaphragm

A

Major muscle of inspiration; separates thoracic from abdominal cavity

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12
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap of cartilage that covers larynx when person swallows; prevents food and drink from entering larynx and trachea

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13
Q

Eustachian Tube

A

Tube or canal that connects middle ear with nasopharynx and allows for balance of pressure between outer and middle ear; infection can travel via mucous membranes of eustachian tube, resulting in middle ear infections

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14
Q

Exhalation

A

To breathe air out of lungs, also called ‘expiration.’

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15
Q

External Respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide that takes place in lungs

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16
Q

Glottis

A

Opening between vocal cords; air passes through glottis as it moves through larynx; changing tension of vocal cords changes size of opening

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17
Q

Hilum

A

Controlled entry/exit point of an organ such as kidney or lung

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18
Q

Inhalation

A

(1) to breathe air into lungs; also called ‘inspiration’; (2) to introduce drugs into body by inhaling them

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19
Q

Intercostal Muscles

A

Muscles between ribs; when they contract, they raise ribs, which helps to enlarge thoracic cavity

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20
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at cellular level when oxygen leaves bloodstream and is delivered to tissues

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21
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Inferior section of pharynx; lies at same level in neck as larynx

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22
Q

Larynx

A

Also called ‘voice box’; respiratory system organ responsible for producing speech; located just below pharynx

23
Q

Lingual Tonsils

A

Tonsils located on very posterior section of tongue as it joins with pharynx

24
Q

Lobes

A

Subdivisions of organ such as lungs or brain

25
Q

Lungs

A

Major organs of respiration; consist of air passageways, bronchi and bronchioles, and air sacs, alveoli; gas exchange takes place within alveoli

26
Q

Mediastinum

A

Central region of chest cavity; contains organs between lungs, including heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea

27
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

Membrane that lines body passages that open directly to exterior of body, such as mouth and reproductive tract, and secretes thick substance, or mucus

28
Q

Mucus

A

Sticky fluid secreted by mucous membrane lining of respiratory tract; assists in cleansing air by trapping dust and bacteria

29
Q

Nares

A

External openings of nose that open into nasal cavity

30
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

Large cavity just behind external nose that receives outside air; covered with mucous membrane to cleanse air; nasal septum divides nasal cavity into left and right halves

31
Q

Nasal Septum

A

Flexible cartilage wall that divides nasal cavity into left and right halves; covered by mucous membrane

32
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Superior section of pharynx that receives air from nose

33
Q

Oropharynx

A

Middle section of pharynx that receives food and drink from mouth

34
Q

Oxygen

A

Gaseous element absorbed by blood from air sacs in lungs; necessary for cells to make energy

35
Q

Palate

A

Roof of mouth; anterior portion is hard or bony. and posterior portion is soft or flexible

36
Q

Palatine Tonsils

A

Tonsils located in lateral wall of pharynx close to mouth

37
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

Air-filled cavities within facial bones that open into nasal cavity; act as echo chamber during sound production

38
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Outer layer of serous membrane sac lining thoracic cavity

39
Q

Pharyngeal Tonsils

A

Another term for ‘adenoids’; tonsils are collection of lymphatic tissue found in nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering body through nose

40
Q

Pharynx

A

Medical term for throat; passageway that conducts air from nasal cavity to trachea and also carries food and drink from mouth to esophagus; pharynx is divided into three sections: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

41
Q

Pleura

A

Protective double layer of serous membrane around lungs; parietal membrane is outer layer and visceral layer is inner membrane; secretes thin, watery fluid to reduce friction associated with lung movement

42
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Cavity formed by serous membrane sac surrounding lungs

43
Q

Pulmonary Capillaries

A

Network of capillaries in lungs that tightly encase each alveolus; site of gas exchange

44
Q

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

A

Group of diagnostic test that give information regarding air flow in and out of the lungs, lung volumes, and gas exchange between the lungs and bloodstream

45
Q

Respiratory Membrane

A

Formed by tight association of walls of alveoli and capillaries; gas exchange between lungs and blood occurs across this membrane

46
Q

Respiratory Therapist (RT)

A

Allied health professional whose duties include conducting pulmonary function tests, monitoring oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in blood, and administering breathing treatments

47
Q

Serous Fluid

A

Watery secretion of serous membranes

48
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

Piece of cartilage associated with larynx; commonly called ‘Adam’s apple’ and is larger in males

49
Q

Trachea

A

Also called ‘windpipe’; conducts air from larynx down to main bronchi in chest

50
Q

Ventilation

A

Movement of air in and out of lungs

51
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Inner layer of serous membrane sac encasing thoracic viscera

52
Q

Vital Signs (VS)

A

Respiration, pulse, temperature, skin color, blood pressure, and reaction of pupils; signs of condition of body functions

53
Q

Vocal Cords

A

Structures within larynx that vibrate to produce sound and speech

[MT] Lesson 4: Oncology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Respiratory System (23 decks)

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