Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

[MT] Lesson 4: Oncology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Respiratory System > Respiratory System Pathology > Flashcards

Respiratory System Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Internal Medicine

A

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of internal organs such as the respiratory system. The physician is an ‘internist.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

A

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat region. The physician is an ‘otorhinolaryngologist.’ This medical specialty may also be referred to as ‘otolaryngology.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pulmonology

A

Branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the respiratory system. Physician is a ‘pulmonologist.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Respiratory Therapy

A

Allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders. Duties of a ‘respiratory therapist’ include conducting pulmonary function tests, monitoring oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, administering breathing treatments, and ventilator management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thoracic Surgery

A

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the respiratory system by surgical means. Physician is a ‘thoracic surgeon.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anosmia

A

Lack of sense of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anoxia

A

Condition of receiving almost no oxygen from inhaled air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aphonia

A

Condition of being unable to produce sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Apnea

A

Not breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Asphyxia

A

Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; also called ‘asphyxiation’ or ‘suffocation.’ Common causes include drowning, foreign body in the respiratory tract, poisoning, and electric shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aspiration

A

Refers to withdrawing fluid from a body cavity using suction. For example, using a long needle and syringe to withdraw fluid from the pleural cavity, or using a vacuum pump to remove phlegm from a patient’s airways. Additionally, it refers to inhaling food, liquid, or a foreign object into the airways, which may lead to the development of pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bradypnea

A

Breathing too slowly; a low respiratory rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Dilated bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Involuntary muscle spasm of the smooth muscle in the wall of the bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

A

Abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods (10-60 seconds) of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing. Named for John Cheyne, a Scottish physician, and Sir William Stokes, an Irish surgeon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clubbing

A

Abnormal widening and thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency. Seen in patients with chronic respiratory conditions or circulatory problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Crackles

A

Abnormal sound made during inspiration. Usually indicates the presence of fluid or mucus in the small airways. Also called ‘rales.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cyanosis

A

Refers to the bluish tint of skin that is receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen or circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dysphonia

A

Condition of having difficulty producing sounds or producing abnormal sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dyspnea

A

Term describing difficult or labored breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing and respiratory rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hemoptysis

A

To cough up blood or blood-stained sputum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hemothorax

A

Presence of blood in the chest cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Condition of having excessive carbon dioxide in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Taking deep breaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Breathing both too fast (tachypnea) and too deep (hyperpnea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Hypocapnia

A

An insufficient level of carbon dioxide in the body; a very serious problem because it is the presence of carbon dioxide that stimulates respiration, not the absence of oxygen. Therefore, a person with low carbon dioxide levels would respond with an increased respiratory rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hypopnea

A

Taking shallow breaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Breathing both too slow (bradypnea) and too shallow (hypopnea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Condition of having an insufficient amount of oxygen in the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hypoxia

A

Condition of receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen from inhaled air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Laryngoplegia

A

Paralysis of the muscles controlling the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Orthopnea

A

Term describing dyspnea that is worsened by lying flat. The patient feels able to breath easier while sitting straight up; a common occurrence in those with pulmonary disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Pansinusitis

A

Inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Patent

A

Open or unblocked, such as a patent airway

37
Q

Phlegm

A

Thick mucus secreted by the membranes lining the respiratory tract. When phlegm is coughed through the mouth, it is called ‘sputum.’ Phlegm is examined for color, odor, and consistency and tested for the presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi

38
Q

Pleural Rub

A

Grating sound made when the two layers of the pleura rub together during respiration. It is caused when one of the surfaces becomes thicker as a result of inflammation or other disease conditions. This rub can be felt through the fingertips when placed on the chest wall or heard through a stethoscope

39
Q

Pleurodynia

A

Pleural pain

40
Q

Pyothorax

A

Presence of pus in the chest cavity; indicates a bacterial infection

41
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the nasal cavity

42
Q

Rhinorrhagia

A

Rapid flow of blood from the nose

43
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Discharge from the nose; commonly called a ‘runny

nose.’

44
Q

Rhonchi

A

Somewhat musical sound during expiration, often found in asthma or infection. Caused by spasms of the bronchial tubes. Also called ‘wheezing.’

45
Q

Shortness of Breath (SOB)

A

Term used to indicate that a patient is having some difficulty breathing; also called ‘dyspnea.’ The causes can range from mild SOB after exercise to SOB associated with heart disease

46
Q

Sputum

A

Mucus or phlegm coughed up from the lining of the respiratory tract

47
Q

Stridor

A

Harsh, high-pitched, noisy breathing sound made when there is an obstruction of bronchus or larynx. Found in conditions such as croup in children

48
Q

Tachypnea

A

Breathing fast; a high respiratory rate

49
Q

Thoracalgia

A

Chest pain. Does not refer to angina pectoris

50
Q

Tracheostenosis

A

Narrowing of the trachea

51
Q

Croup (KROOP)

A

Acute respiratory condition found in infants and children characterized by a barking type of cough or stridor

52
Q

Diphtheria

A

Bacterial upper respiratory infection characterized by the formation of a thick membranous film across the throat and a high mortality rate. Rare now due to the DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) vaccine

53
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx

54
Q

Nasopharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the nasal cavity and pharynx; commonly called the ‘common cold.’

55
Q

Pertussis

A

Commonly called ‘whooping cough,’ due to the whoop sound made when coughing. An infectious bacterial disease of the upper respiratory system that children receive immunization against as part of their DPT shots

56
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx; commonly called a ‘sore throat.’

57
Q

Rhinomycosis

A

Fungal infection of the nasal cavity

58
Q

Asthma

A

Disease caused by various conditions, like allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial airways, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing. Can cause violent spasms of the bronchi (bronchospasms) but is generally not a life-threatening condition. Medication can be very effective

59
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Abnormal enlargement of bronchi; may be the result of a lung infection. This condition can be irreversible and result in destruction of the bronchial walls. Major symptoms include coughing up a large amount of purulent sputum, crackles, and hemoptysis

60
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of a bronchus

61
Q

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor originating in the bronchi. Usually associated with a history of cigarette smoking

62
Q

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A

Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia. May follow trauma, pneumonia, or septic infections. Also called ‘acute respiratory distress syndrome.’

63
Q

Anthracosis

A

Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of coal dust in the lung. Also called ‘black lung’ or ‘miner’s lung.’

64
Q

Asbestosis

A

Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs. May lead to the development of lung cancer

65
Q

Atelectasis

A

Condition in which the alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse, preventing the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Can be caused by a variety of conditions, including pressure on the lung from a tumor or other object. Term also used to describe the failure of a newborn’s lungs to expand

66
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

Progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions, like emphysema, in which the lungs have a diminished capacity for inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation). The person may have dyspnea upon exertion and a cough

67
Q

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

A

Hereditary condition causing the exocrine glands to malfunction. The patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system. Through more advanced treatment, many children are now living into adulthood with this disease. The term cystic in cystic fibrosis refers to cysts that form in the pancreas

68
Q

Emphysema

A

Pulmonary condition characterized by the destruction of the walls of the alveoli, resulting in fewer over-expanded air sacs. Can occur as a result of long-term heavy smoking. Air pollution also worsens this disease. The patient may not be able to breathe except in a sitting or standing position

69
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Pulmonary infection caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, found in dust and in the droppings of pigeons and chickens. The translation of the name of this condition reflects the microscopic appearance of the fungus

70
Q

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)

A

Lung condition most commonly found in premature infants that is characterized by tachypnea and respiratory grunting. The condition is caused by a lack of surfactant necessary to keep the lungs inflated. Also called ‘hyaline membrane disease (HMD)’ and ‘respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.’

71
Q

Influenza

A

Viral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue. Commonly called the ‘flu.’

72
Q

Legionnaires’ Disease

A

Severe, often fatal bacterial infection characterized by pneumonia and liver and kidney damage. Named after people who came down with it at an American Legion convention in 1976

73
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

A

Less sever but longer lasting form of pneumonia caused by the Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria. Also called ‘walking pneumonia.’ The translation of the name of this condition reflects the microscopic appearance of the bacteria

74
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Condition that is the result of inhaling environmental particles that become toxic. Can be the result of inhaling coal dust (anthracosis) or asbestos (asbestosis)

75
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)

A

Pneumonia with a nonproductive cough, very little fever, and dyspnea caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci. An opportunistic infection often seen in those with weakened immune systems, such as AIDS patients

76
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammatory condition of the lung that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and aspirated substances. Results in the filling of the alveoli and air spaces with fluid

77
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Condition in which lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid, especially in the alveoli. Results in dyspnea

78
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus (often a blood clot broken away from another area of the body). May cause an infarct in the lung tissue

79
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

Formation of fibrous scar tissue in the lungs that leads to decreased ability to expand the lungs. May be caused by infections, pneumoconiosis, autoimmune diseases, and toxin exposure

80
Q

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

A

Acute viral respiratory infection that begins like the flu but quickly progresses to severe dyspnea; high fatality rate. First appeared in China in 2003

81
Q

Silicosis

A

Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the inhalation of silica (quartz) dust found in quarrying, glass works, sandblasting, and ceramics

82
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

Condition in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep long enough to cause a drop in oxygen levels in the blood

83
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

A

Unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant under 1 year of age. The child suddenly stops breathing for unknown reasons

84
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterioum tuberculosis. Most commonly affects the respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification in the lungs. Tuberculosis incidence is on the increase and is seen in many patients with weakened immune systems. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a particularly dangerous form of the disease because some bacteria have developed a resistance to the standard drug therapy

85
Q

Empyema

A

Pus with in the pleural space usually associated with a bacterial infection. Also called ‘pyothorax.’

86
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity preventing the lungs from fully expanding. Physicians can detect the presence of fluid by tapping the chest (percussion) or listening with a stethoscope (auscultation)

87
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura characterized by sharp chest pain with each breath. Also called ‘pleuritis.’

88
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, which may result in collapse of the lung

[MT] Lesson 4: Oncology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Respiratory System (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions