Respiratory System Pt.1

Question 1

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

1. Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood
2. Homeostatic regulation of body pH
3. Protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances
4. Vocalization

Question 2

Thoracic cage is

Answer 2

The bones and muscle of thorax and abdomen

Question 3

The thoracic cage surrounds the _____

Answer 3

Lungs

Question 4

What does the pleural sac form?

Answer 4

A double membrane surrounding the lung (within the thoracic cage)

Question 5

Pleural fluid is within the __________

Answer 5

Pleural sac

Question 6

Pleural fluid decreases ________________

Answer 6

Friction during lung movement

Question 7

Pleural fluid holds lungs tight against the ________

Answer 7

Thoracic wall

Question 8

Airways are the ____________ for air

Answer 8

Conducting system

Question 9

The upper respiratory tract includes

Answer 9

1. Mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx

Question 10

The lower respiratory tract includes

Answer 10

1. Trachea
2. 2 primary bronchi
3. Their branches
4. Lungs

Question 11

What is the path of air through airways toward alveoli

Answer 11

1. Pharynx
2. Larynx
3. Trachea
4. Primary/smaller bronchi
5. Bronchioles

Question 12

Pharynx (path of air through airways toward alveoli)

Answer 12

Common passageway for food, liquid, and air

Question 13

Larynx (path of air through airways toward alveoli)

Answer 13

Contains connective tissue vocal cords that can create sound

Question 14

Trachea (path of air through airways toward alveoli)

Answer 14

Semiflexible tube held open by cartilage rings

Question 15

Primary/smaller bronchi (path of air through airways toward alveoli)

Answer 15

Similar to trachea in structure, increase in branching

Question 16

Bronchioles (path of air through airways toward alveoli)

Answer 16

Small collapsible passageways with smooth muscle walls

Question 17

During movement through the airway ________

Answer 17

1. Air is warmed
2. Water vapor is added
3. Foreign substances are filtered out

Question 18

Epithelial cells lining the airways and submucosal glands secrete ______ and ______

Answer 18

Saline and mucus

Question 19

Cilia move the mucus layer towards the _______

Answer 19

Pharynx (the mucociliary escalator)

Question 20

When the cilia move the mucus layer it removes ________

Answer 20

Pathogens and particulate matter

Question 21

Alveoli are the site of ________

Answer 21

Gas exchange

Question 22

What are the two types of epithelial cells?

Answer 22

1. Type 1 alveolar cells
2. Type 2 alveolar cells

Question 23

Type 1 alveolar cells are ___________

Answer 23

Thin for gas exchange

Question 24

Type 2 alveolar cells synthesize and secrete ______

Answer 24

Surfactant, which aids lung expansion during breathing

Question 25

Connective tissue with ____________

Answer 25

Elastin and collagen fibers (for elastic recoil during lung stretching)

Question 26

Alveoli are in close association with extensive network of capillaries to facilitate ______

Answer 26

Rapid exchange of gases

Question 27

What are the two major properties of the lungs?

Answer 27

1. Compliance 2. Elastance

Question 28

Compliance is the ____________

Answer 28

Ability of the lungs to stretch

Question 29

Elastance is the ___________

Answer 29

Ability of the lungs to bounce back after stretch

Question 30

Mammals ventilate their lungs by __________

Answer 30

Negative pressure breathing, which pulls air into the lungs

Question 31

Lung volume increases as the ____ and ___ contract

Answer 31

Rib muscles and diaphragm

Question 32

Tidal volume is the ___________

Answer 32

Volume of air inhaled with each breath

Question 33

The respiratory cycle is ____________

Answer 33

One cycle of inspiration and expiration

Question 34

Pleural fluid keeps the lungs adhered to the ______

Answer 34

Chest walls

Question 35

Pneumothorax is a ________________

Answer 35

Condition when air enters the pleural cavity and breaks the fluid bond

Question 36

In pneumothorax, the following things happen ____

Answer 36

1. Chest cavity expansion is uncoupled from lung expansion 2. Lung collapses

Question 37

Surface tension of fluid within alveoli makes it harder to ____________

Answer 37

Expand lungs

Question 38

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause __________

Answer 38

Cohesion

Question 39

Surfactant disrupts the surface tension of water in the alveoli and ________________

Answer 39

1. Mixture of proteins and phospholipids 2. Requires less force to expand lungs

Question 40

Newborn respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is the most common _________ in premature babies

Answer 40

Lung condition

Question 41

Surfactant synthesis occurs week ___ of gestation and within surfactant, lungs are ____ and alveoli are prone to ________

Answer 41

- Week 25 - Stiff - Collapse