Respiratory System Pt.1 Flashcards
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
- Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood
- Homeostatic regulation of body pH
- Protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances
- Vocalization
Thoracic cage is
The bones and muscle of thorax and abdomen
The thoracic cage surrounds the _____
Lungs
What does the pleural sac form?
A double membrane surrounding the lung (within the thoracic cage)
Pleural fluid is within the __________
Pleural sac
Pleural fluid decreases ________________
Friction during lung movement
Pleural fluid holds lungs tight against the ________
Thoracic wall
Airways are the ____________ for air
Conducting system
The upper respiratory tract includes
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Larynx
The lower respiratory tract includes
- Trachea
- 2 primary bronchi
- Their branches
- Lungs
What is the path of air through airways toward alveoli
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Primary/smaller bronchi
- Bronchioles
Pharynx (path of air through airways toward alveoli)
Common passageway for food, liquid, and air
Larynx (path of air through airways toward alveoli)
Contains connective tissue vocal cords that can create sound
Trachea (path of air through airways toward alveoli)
Semiflexible tube held open by cartilage rings
Primary/smaller bronchi (path of air through airways toward alveoli)
Similar to trachea in structure, increase in branching
Bronchioles (path of air through airways toward alveoli)
Small collapsible passageways with smooth muscle walls
During movement through the airway ________
- Air is warmed
- Water vapor is added
- Foreign substances are filtered out
Epithelial cells lining the airways and submucosal glands secrete ______ and ______
Saline and mucus
Cilia move the mucus layer towards the _______
Pharynx (the mucociliary escalator)
When the cilia move the mucus layer it removes ________
Pathogens and particulate matter
Alveoli are the site of ________
Gas exchange
What are the two types of epithelial cells?
- Type 1 alveolar cells
- Type 2 alveolar cells
Type 1 alveolar cells are ___________
Thin for gas exchange
Type 2 alveolar cells synthesize and secrete ______
Surfactant, which aids lung expansion during breathing
Connective tissue with ____________
Elastin and collagen fibers (for elastic recoil during lung stretching)
Alveoli are in close association with extensive network of capillaries to facilitate ______
Rapid exchange of gases
What are the two major properties of the lungs?
- Compliance
- Elastance
Compliance is the ____________
Ability of the lungs to stretch
Elastance is the ___________
Ability of the lungs to bounce back after stretch
Mammals ventilate their lungs by __________
Negative pressure breathing, which pulls air into the lungs
Lung volume increases as the ____ and ___ contract
Rib muscles and diaphragm
Tidal volume is the ___________
Volume of air inhaled with each breath
The respiratory cycle is ____________
One cycle of inspiration and expiration
Pleural fluid keeps the lungs adhered to the ______
Chest walls
Pneumothorax is a ________________
Condition when air enters the pleural cavity and breaks the fluid bond
In pneumothorax, the following things happen ____
- Chest cavity expansion is uncoupled from lung expansion
- Lung collapses
Surface tension of fluid within alveoli makes it harder to ____________
Expand lungs
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause __________
Cohesion
Surfactant disrupts the surface tension of water in the alveoli and ________________
- Mixture of proteins and phospholipids
- Requires less force to expand lungs
Newborn respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is the most common _________ in premature babies
Lung condition
Surfactant synthesis occurs week ___ of gestation and within surfactant, lungs are ____ and alveoli are prone to ________
- Week 25
- Stiff
- Collapse
