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Exam 3 Human Phys > Respiratory System Pt.1 > Flashcards

Respiratory System Pt.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood
  2. Homeostatic regulation of body pH
  3. Protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances
  4. Vocalization
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2
Q

Thoracic cage is

A

The bones and muscle of thorax and abdomen

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3
Q

The thoracic cage surrounds the _____

A

Lungs

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4
Q

What does the pleural sac form?

A

A double membrane surrounding the lung (within the thoracic cage)

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5
Q

Pleural fluid is within the __________

A

Pleural sac

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6
Q

Pleural fluid decreases ________________

A

Friction during lung movement

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7
Q

Pleural fluid holds lungs tight against the ________

A

Thoracic wall

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8
Q

Airways are the ____________ for air

A

Conducting system

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9
Q

The upper respiratory tract includes

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Pharynx
  3. Larynx
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10
Q

The lower respiratory tract includes

A
  1. Trachea
  2. 2 primary bronchi
  3. Their branches
  4. Lungs
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11
Q

What is the path of air through airways toward alveoli

A
  1. Pharynx
  2. Larynx
  3. Trachea
  4. Primary/smaller bronchi
  5. Bronchioles
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12
Q

Pharynx (path of air through airways toward alveoli)

A

Common passageway for food, liquid, and air

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13
Q

Larynx (path of air through airways toward alveoli)

A

Contains connective tissue vocal cords that can create sound

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14
Q

Trachea (path of air through airways toward alveoli)

A

Semiflexible tube held open by cartilage rings

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15
Q

Primary/smaller bronchi (path of air through airways toward alveoli)

A

Similar to trachea in structure, increase in branching

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16
Q

Bronchioles (path of air through airways toward alveoli)

A

Small collapsible passageways with smooth muscle walls

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17
Q

During movement through the airway ________

A
  1. Air is warmed
  2. Water vapor is added
  3. Foreign substances are filtered out
18
Q

Epithelial cells lining the airways and submucosal glands secrete ______ and ______

A

Saline and mucus

19
Q

Cilia move the mucus layer towards the _______

A

Pharynx (the mucociliary escalator)

20
Q

When the cilia move the mucus layer it removes ________

A

Pathogens and particulate matter

21
Q

Alveoli are the site of ________

A

Gas exchange

22
Q

What are the two types of epithelial cells?

A
  1. Type 1 alveolar cells
  2. Type 2 alveolar cells
23
Q

Type 1 alveolar cells are ___________

A

Thin for gas exchange

24
Q

Type 2 alveolar cells synthesize and secrete ______

A

Surfactant, which aids lung expansion during breathing

25
Q

Connective tissue with ____________

A

Elastin and collagen fibers (for elastic recoil during lung stretching)

26
Q

Alveoli are in close association with extensive network of capillaries to facilitate ______

A

Rapid exchange of gases

27
Q

What are the two major properties of the lungs?

A
  1. Compliance
  2. Elastance
28
Q

Compliance is the ____________

A

Ability of the lungs to stretch

29
Q

Elastance is the ___________

A

Ability of the lungs to bounce back after stretch

30
Q

Mammals ventilate their lungs by __________

A

Negative pressure breathing, which pulls air into the lungs

31
Q

Lung volume increases as the ____ and ___ contract

A

Rib muscles and diaphragm

32
Q

Tidal volume is the ___________

A

Volume of air inhaled with each breath

33
Q

The respiratory cycle is ____________

A

One cycle of inspiration and expiration

34
Q

Pleural fluid keeps the lungs adhered to the ______

A

Chest walls

35
Q

Pneumothorax is a ________________

A

Condition when air enters the pleural cavity and breaks the fluid bond

36
Q

In pneumothorax, the following things happen ____

A
  1. Chest cavity expansion is uncoupled from lung expansion
  2. Lung collapses
37
Q

Surface tension of fluid within alveoli makes it harder to ____________

A

Expand lungs

38
Q

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause __________

A

Cohesion

39
Q

Surfactant disrupts the surface tension of water in the alveoli and ________________

A
  1. Mixture of proteins and phospholipids
  2. Requires less force to expand lungs
40
Q

Newborn respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is the most common _________ in premature babies

A

Lung condition

41
Q

Surfactant synthesis occurs week ___ of gestation and within surfactant, lungs are ____ and alveoli are prone to ________

A
  • Week 25
  • Stiff
  • Collapse

Exam 3 Human Phys (5 decks)

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