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Exam 3 Human Phys > Cardiovascular and Circulatory System Pt.3 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Circulatory System Pt.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood vessels carry blood throughtout the body there are 5 types _________

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Arterioles
  3. Capillaries
  4. Venules
  5. Veins
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2
Q

Arteries do what ____________

A

Carry blood away from heart

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3
Q

Arterioles connect ________

A

Arteries and capillaries

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4
Q

Capillaries allow ____________

A

Exchange between blood and cells

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5
Q

Venules connect __________

A

Capillaries and veins

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6
Q

Veins do what __________

A

Carry blood to the heart

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7
Q

Blood vessels vary in _______ and ________

A

Diameter and composition

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8
Q

What do all blood vessels have?

A

Lumen and endothelium

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9
Q

Lumen is ___________

A

The space inside of the blood vessel

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10
Q

Endothelium is __________

A

The inner lining

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11
Q

Some blood vessels contain __________, which maintains _____________

A
  • Contain smooth muscle
  • Maintains partial contraction (muscle tone)
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12
Q

Vasoconstriction _________________

A

Decreases size of vessel lumen

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13
Q

Vasodilation _______________

A

Increases size of vessel lumen

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14
Q

What do arteries act as?

A

Pressure reservoir

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15
Q

Arteries maintain blood flow during __________

A

Ventricular relaxation

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16
Q

Arterioles are sites of __________

A

Variable resistance

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17
Q

Arterioles direct distribution of blood flow to ________

A

Individual tissues via hormones, autonomic nervous system etc

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18
Q

What are arterioles regulated by?

A
  1. Paracrine signals
  2. Autonomic nervous system neurotransmitters
  3. Hormones
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19
Q

What is an example of paracrine signals (arterioles)?

A

O2 leads to vasodilation due to secretions by vascular endothelium or local cells (active hyperemia)

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20
Q

What is an example of autonomic nervous system neurotransmitters (arterioles)?

A

Norepinephrine released by neurons of sympathetic nervous system

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21
Q

What is an example of hormones (arterioles)?

A

Epinephrine released from adrenal medulla

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22
Q

Arterioles regulation allows for ________

A

Blood to be pushed to where it’s needed

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23
Q

Capillaries have a ________ to facilitate ________

A

-Very thin wall (single cell layer)
-Exchange of materials

24
Q

Capillaries facilitate movement of __________

A

Water, O2, CO2, and glucose

25
Q

Most cells are located within _____mm of the nearest capillary

A

0.1 mm

26
Q

Pericytes are _________

A

Contractile cells associated with capillaries

27
Q

Pericytes regulate the _________ of capillarity permeability (more pericytes= less leaky)

A

“Tightness”

28
Q

Capillaries vary in permeability __________

A

Throughout the body

29
Q

Continuous capillaries (most common) have ______

A

Endothelial cells joined with leaky junctions

30
Q

Fenestrated capillaries have ________ for _____

A

-Large pores
-For larger volumes of fluid to pass between plasma and interstitial fluid

31
Q

Substances pass through capillaries via _______ or ______

A

-Diffusion (passive transport for dissolved solutes like O2)
-Transcytosis (active transport for larger molecules)

32
Q

Fluid moves into/out of capillaries as a result of ____

A

Hydrostatic or osmotic pressure gradients

33
Q

Filtration is ___________ and is driven by _______

A

-Fluid movement out of capillaries
-Hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)

34
Q

Absorption is _______ and is driven by ______

A

-Fluid movement into capillaries
-Oncotic pressure (pulling pressure from plasma proteins)

35
Q

Due to the pressure differences in arterial vs venous end of capillaries ________ and _________

A

-Net filtration at arterial end
-Net absorption at venous end

36
Q

Venules transport ______________

A

Blood from capillaries to veins

37
Q

Veins transport ___________ and act as _______

A

-Blood toward the heart
-Volume reservoir
-Hold majority of blood

38
Q

Compared to arteries, veins ___________

A
  1. Are more numerous and closer to skin
  2. Have thin wall with less elastic tissue (expand easily)
  3. Have larger diameter and lumen
39
Q

Venous return is

A

The return of blood to the right side of the heart

40
Q

Venous pressure is ___ and the large lumen ______

A

-Low
-Offers little resistance, so active mechanism are needed

41
Q

Lymphatic system allows for

A

One-way movement of interstitial fluid into the circulatory system

42
Q

Lymphatic system does what

A
  1. Returns fluid and proteins to circulatory system
  2. Pick up absorbed fat and transfer it to circulatory system
  3. Serve as filter for pathogens
43
Q

Tiny lymph capillaries lie close to _________

A

Blood capillaries

44
Q

Lymphatic vessels progressively increase ______ and empty into venous circulation via subclavian vein

A

In size

45
Q

Lymph nodes (tissue nodules containing lymphocytes/macrophages) __________

A

Monitor fluid

46
Q

Lymph flow occurs by ___________

A

Mechanisms similar to venous return

47
Q

Edema (swelling) is

A

An accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space

48
Q

Blood pressure is highest in ______ and lowest in ______ (as energy is lost due to resistance to flow)

A

-Arteries
-Veins

49
Q

Systolic pressure (av 120mm Hg) is during ________

A

Ventricular systole

50
Q

Diastolic pressure (av 80mm Hg) is during ________

A

Ventricular diastole

51
Q

Pulse is felt

A

as pressure waves are transmitted into fluid-filled arteries (disappears in capillaries, where blood has continuous movement)

52
Q

A sphygmomanometer and stethoscope are used __________

A

To measure arterial blood pressure

53
Q

Arterial pressure is pulsatile, so mean arterial pressure (MAP) represents _____________

A

Driving pressure of blood flow

54
Q

What is the formula of MAP?

A

MAP= diastolic pressure + 1/3 (systolic pressure-diastolic pressure)

55
Q

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is homeostatically controlled by the ____________

A

Baroreceptor reflex

Exam 3 Human Phys (5 decks)

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