Cardiovascular and Circulatory System Pt.3

Question 1

Blood vessels carry blood throughtout the body there are 5 types _________

Answer 1

1. Arteries
2. Arterioles
3. Capillaries
4. Venules
5. Veins

Question 2

Arteries do what ____________

Answer 2

Carry blood away from heart

Question 3

Arterioles connect ________

Answer 3

Arteries and capillaries

Question 4

Capillaries allow ____________

Answer 4

Exchange between blood and cells

Question 5

Venules connect __________

Answer 5

Capillaries and veins

Question 6

Veins do what __________

Answer 6

Carry blood to the heart

Question 7

Blood vessels vary in _______ and ________

Answer 7

Diameter and composition

Question 8

What do all blood vessels have?

Answer 8

Lumen and endothelium

Question 9

Lumen is ___________

Answer 9

The space inside of the blood vessel

Question 10

Endothelium is __________

Answer 10

The inner lining

Question 11

Some blood vessels contain __________, which maintains _____________

Answer 11

• Contain smooth muscle
• Maintains partial contraction (muscle tone)

Question 12

Vasoconstriction _________________

Answer 12

Decreases size of vessel lumen

Question 13

Vasodilation _______________

Answer 13

Increases size of vessel lumen

Question 14

What do arteries act as?

Answer 14

Pressure reservoir

Question 15

Arteries maintain blood flow during __________

Answer 15

Ventricular relaxation

Question 16

Arterioles are sites of __________

Answer 16

Variable resistance

Question 17

Arterioles direct distribution of blood flow to ________

Answer 17

Individual tissues via hormones, autonomic nervous system etc

Question 18

What are arterioles regulated by?

Answer 18

1. Paracrine signals
2. Autonomic nervous system neurotransmitters
3. Hormones

Question 19

What is an example of paracrine signals (arterioles)?

Answer 19

O2 leads to vasodilation due to secretions by vascular endothelium or local cells (active hyperemia)

Question 20

What is an example of autonomic nervous system neurotransmitters (arterioles)?

Answer 20

Norepinephrine released by neurons of sympathetic nervous system

Question 21

What is an example of hormones (arterioles)?

Answer 21

Epinephrine released from adrenal medulla

Question 22

Arterioles regulation allows for ________

Answer 22

Blood to be pushed to where it’s needed

Question 23

Capillaries have a ________ to facilitate ________

Answer 23

-Very thin wall (single cell layer)
-Exchange of materials

Question 24

Capillaries facilitate movement of __________

Answer 24

Water, O2, CO2, and glucose

Question 25

Most cells are located within _____mm of the nearest capillary

Answer 25

0.1 mm

Question 26

Pericytes are _________

Answer 26

Contractile cells associated with capillaries

Question 27

Pericytes regulate the _________ of capillarity permeability (more pericytes= less leaky)

Answer 27

"Tightness"

Question 28

Capillaries vary in permeability __________

Answer 28

Throughout the body

Question 29

Continuous capillaries (most common) have ______

Answer 29

Endothelial cells joined with leaky junctions

Question 30

Fenestrated capillaries have ________ for _____

Answer 30

-Large pores -For larger volumes of fluid to pass between plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 31

Substances pass through capillaries via _______ or ______

Answer 31

-Diffusion (passive transport for dissolved solutes like O2) -Transcytosis (active transport for larger molecules)

Question 32

Fluid moves into/out of capillaries as a result of ____

Answer 32

Hydrostatic or osmotic pressure gradients

Question 33

Filtration is ___________ and is driven by _______

Answer 33

-Fluid movement out of capillaries -Hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)

Question 34

Absorption is _______ and is driven by ______

Answer 34

-Fluid movement into capillaries -Oncotic pressure (pulling pressure from plasma proteins)

Question 35

Due to the pressure differences in arterial vs venous end of capillaries ________ and _________

Answer 35

-Net filtration at arterial end -Net absorption at venous end

Question 36

Venules transport ______________

Answer 36

Blood from capillaries to veins

Question 37

Veins transport ___________ and act as _______

Answer 37

-Blood toward the heart -Volume reservoir -Hold majority of blood

Question 38

Compared to arteries, veins ___________

Answer 38

1. Are more numerous and closer to skin 2. Have thin wall with less elastic tissue (expand easily) 3. Have larger diameter and lumen

Question 39

Venous return is

Answer 39

The return of blood to the right side of the heart

Question 40

Venous pressure is ___ and the large lumen ______

Answer 40

-Low -Offers little resistance, so active mechanism are needed

Question 41

Lymphatic system allows for

Answer 41

One-way movement of interstitial fluid into the circulatory system

Question 42

Lymphatic system does what

Answer 42

1. Returns fluid and proteins to circulatory system 2. Pick up absorbed fat and transfer it to circulatory system 3. Serve as filter for pathogens

Question 43

Tiny lymph capillaries lie close to _________

Answer 43

Blood capillaries

Question 44

Lymphatic vessels progressively increase ______ and empty into venous circulation via subclavian vein

Answer 44

In size

Question 45

Lymph nodes (tissue nodules containing lymphocytes/macrophages) __________

Answer 45

Monitor fluid

Question 46

Lymph flow occurs by ___________

Answer 46

Mechanisms similar to venous return

Question 47

Edema (swelling) is

Answer 47

An accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space

Question 48

Blood pressure is highest in ______ and lowest in ______ (as energy is lost due to resistance to flow)

Answer 48

-Arteries -Veins

Question 49

Systolic pressure (av 120mm Hg) is during ________

Answer 49

Ventricular systole

Question 50

Diastolic pressure (av 80mm Hg) is during ________

Answer 50

Ventricular diastole

Question 51

Pulse is felt

Answer 51

as pressure waves are transmitted into fluid-filled arteries (disappears in capillaries, where blood has continuous movement)

Question 52

A sphygmomanometer and stethoscope are used __________

Answer 52

To measure arterial blood pressure

Question 53

Arterial pressure is pulsatile, so mean arterial pressure (MAP) represents _____________

Answer 53

Driving pressure of blood flow

Question 54

What is the formula of MAP?

Answer 54

MAP= diastolic pressure + 1/3 (systolic pressure-diastolic pressure)

Question 55

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is homeostatically controlled by the ____________

Answer 55

Baroreceptor reflex