Respiratory System Pathologies

Question 1

Common cold

Answer 1

Self limited inflammation of upper respiratory mucosa

Question 2

Influenza

Answer 2

Contagious respiratory illness that affects nose throat and lungs with more intense symptoms

Question 3

Pneumonia

Answer 3

Inflammation of lungs caused by bacterial infection
Fluid builds up in air sacs, interfering with ventilation and gas exchange

Question 4

Pneumonia treatment

Answer 4

Antibiotics
Bronchodilators
Oxygen therapy
Increased fluid intake

Question 5

Bronchopneumonia

Answer 5

Lower lobes involved, patchy areas of consolidation represent neutrophil collection in alveoli and bronchi

Question 6

Lobar pneumonia

Answer 6

Uniform consolidation with complete consolidation of lobe of lung

Question 7

Tuberculosis

Answer 7

Infection of lungs and pleurae caused by bacterium, spreads through cough and sneeze

Question 8

TB risk factors

Answer 8

High risk exposure factors
Weak immune system
Fatigue and weight loss
Antibiotic treatment
Usually starts off in upper lobe

Question 9

COPD

Answer 9

Respiratory disorder of chronic and recurrent obstruction airflow

Question 10

COPD symptoms

Answer 10

Shortness of breath
Persistent cough
Wheezing
Sputum
Phlegm

Question 11

Emphysema

Answer 11

Destruction of walls of alveoli producing large air spaces with air during exhalation
Less SA for gas exchange

Question 12

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 12

Excessive secretion of bronchial mucus accompanied by productive cough
Thickened and excessive mucus produced narrows the airway and impairs ciliary function

Question 13

COPD in an xray

Answer 13

dark lungs on chest xr, overinflated
large air-filled cavities in lungs

Question 14

asthma

Answer 14

short term inflammation of airways

Question 15

asthma symptoms

Answer 15

shortness of breath
wheezing
coughing
tight chest

Question 16

acute bronchitis

Answer 16

self-limiting lower respiratory tract viral infection

Question 17

risk factors acute bronchitis

Answer 17

exposure to tobacco smoke, fumes, dust and air pollution

Question 18

symptoms acute bronchitis

Answer 18

acute cough
wheezing
bronchospasm

Question 19

treatment of acute bronchitis

Answer 19

rest
fluids
cough suppressant

Question 20

pneumothorax

Answer 20

air gains access to and accumulates in pleural space
air trapped in pleural cavity under positive pressure in compression and displacement on mediastinal structures

Question 21

pulmonary embolism

Answer 21

blood clot of FB in pulmonary arterial blood vessels

Question 22

pleural effusion

Answer 22

build up of fluid inside pleural cavity

Question 23

risk factors of lung cancer

Answer 23

• genetics
• smoking
• air pollution
• radon gas exposure
• asbestos
• diet
• lack of physical activity

Question 24

lung cancer on XR

Answer 24

dense and localised