abdominal and pelvic cavity

Question 1

what does the biliary system comprise of

Answer 1

• liver
• gallbladder
• bile ducts
• pancreatic duct

Question 2

what is the liver made of up

Answer 2

functional units called lobules

Question 3

what is the gall bladder

Answer 3

pear-shaped sac about 7-10cm long which is located in fossa of beneath the liver
- releases bile in small intestine

Question 4

vessels carrying deoxygenated blood

Answer 4

• inferior vena cava
• hepatic veins
• renal veins
• common iliac veins

Question 5

vessels carrying oxygenated blood

Answer 5

• descending aorta + its associated branches through cavity
• renal arteries
• coeliac axis + associated branches
• superior mesenteric artery + assoc branches
• inferior mesenteric artery + assoc branches
• common iliac arteries + assoc branches

Question 6

what does the abdominopelvic cavity consist of

Answer 6

• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine

Question 7

what is the stomach and where does it lie?

Answer 7

• it is a continuation of the oesophagus
• lies under left hemidiaphragm
• j-shaped enlargement of GI tract
• located anteriorly

Question 8

where does the inferior portion of the stomach empty into?

Answer 8

duodenum of small intestine

Question 9

describe the size of the small intestine

Answer 9

• roughly 2.5cm in diameter
• 6.4m in length - eventually opens up to large intestine

Question 10

where does small intestine begin and then coil into?

Answer 10

begins at pyloric sphincter
- coils through central and lower part of abdominal cavity

Question 11

what are the 3 different segments of small intestine

Answer 11

• duodenum - 25cm
• jejunum - 2.5m
• ileum - 3.6m

Question 12

4 portions of colon

Answer 12

• ascending
• transverse
• descending
• sigmoid

Question 13

where are adrenal glands found

Answer 13

above each kidney ( suprarenal glands)

Question 14

what is the pancreas?

Answer 14

• oblong gland which lies posterior to greater curvature of stomach

Question 15

what mechanisms control pancreatic secretions

Answer 15

• nervous and hormonal mechanisms

Question 16

large duct

Answer 16

pancreatic duct

Question 17

smaller duct

Answer 17

accessory duct

Question 18

what is the largest lymphatic tissue and where is it located?

Answer 18

• the spleen
• located within abdominopelvic cavity + posterior to stomach

Question 19

gastric impression

Answer 19

liver has a gastric impression on its upper surface formed by the curvature of the stomach

Question 20

renal impression

Answer 20

under surface of right lobe of liver
- corresponding to location of right kidney

Question 21

colic impression

Answer 21

• part of visceral surface of spleen in contact with colon
• left kidney has colic impression
  -presence of splenic flexure of colon

Question 22

what is the spleen surrounded by?

Answer 22

a capsule of dense connective tissue which is covered by serous membrane

Question 23

two different kinds of tissue the parenchyma of spleen consists of

Answer 23

• white pulp - lymphatic tissue and white blood cells
• red pulp - red blood cells involved with filtration of blood

Question 24

what is the common misconception of the spleen

Answer 24

• does not filter lymph as there are no lymph vessels going to the spleen

Question 25

what are the ovaries a primary site of

Answer 25

- formation of ova - oocyte development and ovulation

Question 26

where do ovaries side?

Answer 26

- either side of midline between anterior superior iliac spines and femoral heads - no further lateral than sacroiliac joints

Question 27

where do uterine (fallopian) tubes extend to?

Answer 27

extend medially from ovaries to uterus + assist in transporting ovum from ovaries to uterus

Question 28

where is the uterus situated?

Answer 28

between bladder + rectum

Question 29

what does uterus act as?

Answer 29

- pathway for sperm to reach uterine tubes

Question 30

3 sites uterus can act for

Answer 30

- implantation of fertilised ovum - development of foetus during pregnancy - menstruation

Question 31

what is the vagina and where is it situated

Answer 31

- tubular + fibromuscular organ which is situated between urinary bladder + rectum

Question 32

what does the vagina act as

Answer 32

- a passageway for menstrual flow - serve as a passageway for childbirth - receive semen during sexual intercourse

Question 33

what does the prostate secrete?

Answer 33

- slightly acidic fluid that contains several enzymes that contribute to sperm motility and viability

Question 34

main function of urinary system

Answer 34

removes excess water, salts and products of protein metabolism from blood to form urine

Question 35

function of ureters

Answer 35

- drain urine to bladder via series of peristaltic contractions, pressure, gravity - natural extension of each kidney - stretch 25-30cm of urinary bladder

Question 36

where does the ureter descend vertically and anteriorly to?

Answer 36

the psoas muscles

Question 37

what does the ureter closely adhere to

Answer 37

the parietal peritoneum

Question 38

describe the structure and position of the bladder

Answer 38

hollow muscular organ that is situated retroperitoneal - posterior to symphysis pubis but anterior to rectum

Question 39

what does urine have to pass in order for it to be excreted?

Answer 39

- urethra