Anatomy And Physiology Of Resp System Flashcards
Upper respiratory system
Nasal and pharynx
Lower respiratory system
Larynx, trachea and lungs
What does the nasal cavity communicate with
Communicates with the pharynx posteriorly via two openings , internal nares and choane
Functions of the pharynx
- passageway for air and food
- resonating chamber for speech sounds
- houses the tonsils which participate immunological reactions Against foreign bacteria
Where does the nasopharynx lie
Posterior to nasal cavity and extends to soft palate
How many orifices does nasopharynx have
2 , lead into auditory tubes
Where is the Oropharynx and where does is extend
Extend from soft palate inferiority to level of hyoid bone
What does the oropharynx contain
Two pairs of tonsils, the palatine and linguine tonsils
Where does the laryngopharynx extend
Extend downwards from hyoid bone and extends to oesophegus
- both a respiratory and digestive pathway
Where does the larynx lie
Anterior to oesophagus and fourth through sixth cervical vertebrae
- passageway that connects the pharynx & trachea
Function of the nasopharynx
Exchanges small amounts of air with auditory tubes to equalise air pressure between middle ear and atmosphere
What passageway that connects the pharynx and trachea
Larynx
What are the three single pieces of cartilage in larynx
Thyroid, epiglottis, and cricoid cartilage
What are the 3 paired pieces of cartilage in the larynx
Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate
What are the air conduction functions of the trachea
Passageway for air to enter lungs inhaling oxygen rich air
Exhaling air with more co2 in it
Protection functions of the trachea
- mucociliary escalator - barrier cells assist by producing mucus - rich in antibodies and immune cells
- cough reflex - ciliary cells get irritated and induce coughing
Thermoregulation function of trachea
Humidifies and warms air entering lungs or carries heat out of body through evaporation of water
Location of trachea
Anterior to oesophagus and extends from larynx to superior border of fifth thoracic vertebrae (T5)
What part of trachea faces posteriorly towards oesophagus
Open part of each c shaped ring
What are the lungs separated by
Mediastinum
What are the lungs enclosed and protected by
Pleural membrane
- outer layer = parietal pleura
- inner layer = visceral pleura
How long is the funnel shaped tube in the pharynx
13cm long
Where does the pharynx start and where does it extend to?
It starts at internal nares (choanae) and extends to level of cricoid cartilage (below Adam’s apple)
Two main functions of pleural cavity
- reduces friction
- surface tension prevents separation of membranes
