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RD1033 > Anatomy And Physiology Of Resp System > Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology Of Resp System Flashcards

1
Q

Upper respiratory system

A

Nasal and pharynx

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2
Q

Lower respiratory system

A

Larynx, trachea and lungs

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3
Q

What does the nasal cavity communicate with

A

Communicates with the pharynx posteriorly via two openings , internal nares and choane

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4
Q

Functions of the pharynx

A
  • passageway for air and food
  • resonating chamber for speech sounds
  • houses the tonsils which participate immunological reactions Against foreign bacteria
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5
Q

Where does the nasopharynx lie

A

Posterior to nasal cavity and extends to soft palate

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6
Q

How many orifices does nasopharynx have

A

2 , lead into auditory tubes

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7
Q

Where is the Oropharynx and where does is extend

A

Extend from soft palate inferiority to level of hyoid bone

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8
Q

What does the oropharynx contain

A

Two pairs of tonsils, the palatine and linguine tonsils

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9
Q

Where does the laryngopharynx extend

A

Extend downwards from hyoid bone and extends to oesophegus
- both a respiratory and digestive pathway

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10
Q

Where does the larynx lie

A

Anterior to oesophagus and fourth through sixth cervical vertebrae
- passageway that connects the pharynx & trachea

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11
Q

Function of the nasopharynx

A

Exchanges small amounts of air with auditory tubes to equalise air pressure between middle ear and atmosphere

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12
Q

What passageway that connects the pharynx and trachea

A

Larynx

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13
Q

What are the three single pieces of cartilage in larynx

A

Thyroid, epiglottis, and cricoid cartilage

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14
Q

What are the 3 paired pieces of cartilage in the larynx

A

Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate

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15
Q

What are the air conduction functions of the trachea

A

Passageway for air to enter lungs inhaling oxygen rich air
Exhaling air with more co2 in it

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16
Q

Protection functions of the trachea

A
  • mucociliary escalator - barrier cells assist by producing mucus - rich in antibodies and immune cells
  • cough reflex - ciliary cells get irritated and induce coughing
17
Q

Thermoregulation function of trachea

A

Humidifies and warms air entering lungs or carries heat out of body through evaporation of water

18
Q

Location of trachea

A

Anterior to oesophagus and extends from larynx to superior border of fifth thoracic vertebrae (T5)

19
Q

What part of trachea faces posteriorly towards oesophagus

A

Open part of each c shaped ring

20
Q

What are the lungs separated by

A

Mediastinum

21
Q

What are the lungs enclosed and protected by

A

Pleural membrane
- outer layer = parietal pleura
- inner layer = visceral pleura

22
Q

How long is the funnel shaped tube in the pharynx

A

13cm long

23
Q

Where does the pharynx start and where does it extend to?

A

It starts at internal nares (choanae) and extends to level of cricoid cartilage (below Adam’s apple)

24
Q

Two main functions of pleural cavity

A
  • reduces friction
  • surface tension prevents separation of membranes
25
Q

What is the hilum?

A

Region through which bronchi, pulmonary blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter and exit

26
Q

What is the cardiac notch

A

Concavity which apex of the heart lies

27
Q

What are the lungs divided in

A

Divided in lobes - superior, middle, lower
Left lung only has 2 lobes divided by an oblique fissure

28
Q

what does each lobe receive

A

its own lobar bronchus

29
Q

what does lobar bronchi give rise to

A

smaller segmental bronchi in each lung

30
Q

name the 4 structural changes in bronchial tree towards distal parts

A
  • cartilages become irregular in shape
  • cartilages become absent within bronchioles
  • thicker smooth muscle
  • non-ciliated cells in distal bronchioles
31
Q

arteriole

A

brings deoxygenated blood

32
Q

venule

A

taking away oxygenated

33
Q

bronchial veins

A

drain into azygos venous system and returns to heart via superior vena cava

RD1033 (12 decks)

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