overview of joints

Question 1

what are joints also known as

Answer 1

articulation

Question 2

functional classification of joints

Answer 2

• synarthrosis
• amphiarthrosis
• diarthrosis

Question 3

structural classification of joints

Answer 3

• fibrous
• cartilaginous
• synovial

Question 4

describe the synarthrosis joint

Answer 4

• fixed and immovable
• tough fibrous tissue
• edges may be dovetailed together

Question 5

describe the amphiarthrosis joint

Answer 5

-slightly movable
- pad of cartilages lie between bone surfaces and act as shock absorbers
- fibrous capsule holds bone in place

Question 6

describe the diarthrosis joint

Answer 6

• freely moving joints with synovial fluid in them
• movement can be restricted by ligaments or shape of articulating surfaces

Question 7

describe the fibrous joint

Answer 7

• bones held together by fibrous connective tissue rich in collagen fibres
• permit little or no movement

Question 8

3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 8

• suture
• syndesmosis
• interosseous membrane

Question 9

describe the cartilaginous joint

Answer 9

• piece of cartilage between bones that holds them together to make a joint
• they lack a synovial cavity
• little or no movement

Question 10

what are the two types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 10

1. synchondrosis
2. symphysis

Question 11

describe the synovial joint

Answer 11

• joint found between bones that move against each other (synovial cavity)
• filled with lubricant synovial fluid
• freely movable

Question 12

what are the two characteristics of synovial joints

Answer 12

1. articular cartilage
2. articular capsule

Question 13

articular cartilage

Answer 13

bones covered by layer of hyaline cartilage

Question 14

articular capsule

Answer 14

surrounds synovial joint like a sleeve and encloses synovial cavity
- outer fibrous capsule
- inner synovial membrane

Question 15

what is synovial fluid

Answer 15

• viscous clear pale yellow fluid
• forms thin film over surfaces within articular capsule
• lubricates the joint to reduce friction
• supplies o2 and nutrients

Question 16

name 4 components of the synovial joint

Answer 16

1. articular discs
2. bursae
3. tendon sheaths
4. ligaments

Question 17

explain articular disc

Answer 17

• pads of fibro-cartilage that lie between articular surfaces of bones and attached to fibrous capsule
• act as shock absorbers
• provide adaptable surfaces for combined movement
• maintain stability of joint
• direct flow

Question 18

explain the term bursae

Answer 18

• sack like filled with synovial fluid
• found between skin and bones
• situated to alleviate friction

Question 19

explain the term ligaments

Answer 19

• help hold joints together and give extra strength and stability
• consist of fibrous tissue
• connect bones to bones
• surround joint capsule