Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biología Humana II > Respiratory System Part I > Flashcards

Respiratory System Part I Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Role of the Respiratory System

A

supply the blood with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Breathing

A

movement of air in and out of lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alveolar Exchange

A

exchange of O2 and CO2 between air in pulmonary alveoli and blood in alveolar capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gas transport

A

transport O2 and CO2 between lungs and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Systematic Gas Exchange

A

exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in systematic capillaries and tissue cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

use of O2 and production of CO2 during ATP production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Respiratory System is responsible for:

A
  1. detecting odors
  2. producing sound
  3. regulating blood pH
  4. trapping and defending the body from airborne pathogens.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Subdivisions of the Respiratory System:

A
  1. Upper Respiratory Tract (nose and pharynx)
  2. Lower Respiratory Tract (larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nose (Nasal bone and Septal Nasal Cartilage)

A

nasal bones support the nose bridge, other portion supported by septal nasal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nostrils

A

external opening that allow air to enter and leave the nasal cavity; have hair to filter large airborne particles and insects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

inner nose chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many conchae project from lateral wall in nose

A

3
1. Superior nasal conchae
2. middle nasal conchae
3. interior nasal conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

function of conchae

A

increase surface area and create air turbulence in nasal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nasal septum

A

divides nasal cavity into right and left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Palate

A

separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

types of palate

A

hard
soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Olfactory Mucosa

A

mucous membrane containing the olfactory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is olfactory mucosa found

A

Lines the superior nasal conchae and superior nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Respiratory Mucosa

A

mucous membrane containing pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Goblet cells (Respiratory Mucosa)

A

in the epithelium produce mucus, which moistens air and trap particles including microorganisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is respiratory mucosa found

A

lines the rest of the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea and bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who warms air in the respiratory mucosa?

A

blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who moves trapped particles to pharynx where they can be swallowed?

A

Cilia; to be destroyed by gastric juice in the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

air filled cavities in the bones around the nasal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Paranasal Sinuses include:

A
  1. ethmoid
  2. frontal bone
  3. maxialle
  4. sphenoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Function of paranasal sinuses

A
  1. lighten the skull
  2. sound resonating chambers during speech
  3. Open into nasal cavity, which increases nasal cavity surface area.
  4. Lined with respiratory mucosae and the secreted mucus drains into the nasal cavity.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where do paranasal sinuses drain, which are lined with respiratory mucosae?

A

nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A

passageway behind the nasal and oral cavities, extending downward to the larynx and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the pharynx made of?

A

muscular walled lined with mucous membrane containing stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Parts of the pharynx (3)

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

auditory tubes

A

equalize aire pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

tonsils

A

clumps of lymphoid tissue that occur at openings to the pharynx, site of immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Sets of tonsils (3)

A
  1. Palatine
  2. Pharyngeal
  3. Lingual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

larynx

A

cartilaginous, boxlike structure; passageway for air between pharynx and trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What supports the larynx?

A

ligaments extending from the hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cartilages in the larynx (3)

A
  1. Thyroid
  2. Cricoid
  3. Epiglottis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

projects forward (Adam’s Apple)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

connects to trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Epiglottis

A

cartilaginous flap that keeps solids (food) and liquids from entering the larynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Vocal Folds (cords)

A

two bands of elastic connective tissue covered by respiratory mucosa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Contraction of Vocal folds

A

Vibrate when contracted to produce vocal sounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Relaxed vocal folds

A

during resting breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Pitch (high or low tone)

A

determined by vibration frequency of the vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

true or false: High frequency vibrations lead to high- pitched sound and vice versa.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Loudness

A

determined by vibration amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

True or False: The larger the amplitude the louder the volume.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Glottis

A

vocal folds and the space between them.

48
Q

Vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

A

lie above the vocal folds.

49
Q

Function of vestibular folds

A

keep solids and liquids from entering glottis.

50
Q

True or false: vestibular folds play a role in sound production

A

false

51
Q

Goal of the larynx

A

prevent solids and liquids from entering larynx and direct them into esophagus.

52
Q

Changes that occur during swallowing

A
  1. Muscles lift larynx upward
  2. Epiglottis folds over to cover glottis
  3. Food is directed into esophagus, whose opening is located just behind the larynx.
53
Q

Where is the esophagus opening?

A

behind the larynx

54
Q

what happens if solids and liquid enter the larynx

A

coughing and choking

55
Q

Trachea

A

airway that extends from larynx into thoracic cavity; branches to form right and left main bronchi

56
Q

What type of cartilage supports trachea?

A

C- shaped tracheal cartilages

57
Q

Function of C- shaped tracheal cartilages

A
  1. hold airway open during breathing.
  2. open portion of the tracheal cartilages allows esophagus to expand slightly during swallowing.
58
Q

What type of mucosa lines the trachea?

A

Inner wall lined by respiratory mucosa.

59
Q

function of the respiratory mucosa in the trachea

A

beating cilia move the mucus and entrapped particles upward into pharynx where they are coughed up and swallowed

60
Q

Branching of Bronchi (main bronchi, lobar bronchi and segmental bronchi)

A

main bronchi enter its respective lung, branch into lobar bronchi,
lobar bronchi branch into segmental bronchi, one for each segments within each lung.

61
Q

True or false: bronchial walls possess cartilaginous rings

A

true

62
Q

what happens with the cartilaginous rings as the branches get smaller?

A

decrease

63
Q

bronchioles

A

very small tubes lacking cartilage that branch from bronchi

64
Q

True or false: do bronchioles have cartilage?

A

false; they have smooth musclethat aids in regular air flow

65
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

contraction of the smooth muscle tissue, which decreases airflow.

66
Q

bronchodilation

A

relaxation of the smooth muscle tissue, which increases airflow.

67
Q

What type of mucous membrane lines the bronchioles?

A

mucous membrane containing simple cuboidal epithelium; can’t remove foreign particles effectively

68
Q

alveolar ducts

A

branch from smallest bronchioles

69
Q

pulmonary alveoli

A

tiny air sacs of alveolar gas exchange; O2 and CO2 diffuse readily through thin respiratory membrane.

70
Q

true or false: bronchial tree and bronchioles play a role in alveolar gas exchange?

A

false; they are filled with watery fluid to aid diffusion

71
Q

Surfactants (lipoproteins)

A

prevents pulmonary alveolar collapse during exhalation

72
Q

How do surfactants work?

A

reduce attraction between water molecules (surface tension)

73
Q

Who secretes surfactants?

A

great (type II) alveolar cells

74
Q

Name of type I in alveoli?

A

squamous alveolar cell

75
Q

How many alveoli per lung?

A

300 million pulmonary alveoli per lung

76
Q

Surface area of alveoli

A

75 m2, holding approx. 5,800 ml of air.

77
Q

Lungs

A

separated by the mediastinum; consists of pulmonary alveoli, air passageways, blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves and connective tissue.

78
Q

Lungs are divided

A

left lung 2 lobes (superior and inferior)
right lung 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)

79
Q

How many layers of serous membranes do the lungs have?

A

2

80
Q

Name of the serous membrane

A

pleurae

81
Q

Visceral pleura

A

firmly attached to the surface of each lung

82
Q

parietal pleura

A

lined the inner wall of the thoracic cavity

83
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the visceral and parietal pleurae

84
Q

pleural fluid

A
  1. reduce friction between pleurae as the lungs inflate and deflate.
  2. help hold the pleurae together
85
Q

Breathing

A

Process that exchanges air between atmosphere and pulmonary alveol

86
Q

how does air move?

A

along an air pressure gradient; high pressure to low pressure

87
Q

pressures important to breathing (3):

A
  1. atmospheric pressure
  2. intra-alveolar pressure (intrapulmonar)
  3. intrapleural pressure
88
Q

atmospheric pressure

A

pressure surrounding earth; 760 mmHg at sea level

89
Q

true or false: atmospheric pressure decrease with elevation?

A

true

90
Q

intra-alveolar pressure

A

air pressure within the lungs that fluctuates during breathing.

91
Q

how are changes measured in intra-alveolar pressure?

A

measured in cm H2O;

92
Q

what happens if pressure reaches -1cm H2O?

A

if pressure reaches -1 cm H2O, pressure has decreased 1 cm H2O below atmospheric pressure

93
Q

what happens if pressure reaches +1cm H2O?

A

if pressure reaches +1 cm H2O pressure has increased 1 cm H2O, pressure has increased 1 cm H2O above atmospheric pressure

94
Q

Intrapleural pressure

A

pressure within pleural caivity

95
Q

Normal intrapleural pressure during breathing?

A

-5cm to -8cm H2O during breathing.

96
Q

What is the function of intrapleural pressure?

A
  1. keeps lungs stuck to the inner walls of the thoracic cage.
  2. keeps lungs expanded even during exhale
97
Q

what would happen if intrapleaural pressure equalled atmospheric pressure ?

A

lungs collapse (pneumothorax)

98
Q

When lungs are at rest what happens with air pressure?

A

air pressure in the lungs is the same as the atmospheric pressure

99
Q

Process of moving air into the lungs (inspiration)

A

when a person inhales and the diaphragm contracts and external intercostal muscles volume of the lungs increase, causing the air pressure in the lungs to decrease (intra-alveolar pressure <atmospheric pressure)

100
Q

intra-alveolar pressure <atmospheric pressure

A

allows for air to flow from the higher air pressure in the atmosphere toward the lower air pressure within the lungs.

101
Q

Process of resting respiration (tidal inspiration; process by which air is drawn into the lungs during normal breathing at rest)

A

the diaphragm contracts, moves downward and flattens, which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity

102
Q

what happens when thoracic cavity size increases?

A

lungs are pulled along when thoracic cage expands.
increase in lung volume and decrease in intra-alveolar pressure -1cm H2O.

103
Q

True or false: air inflow continues until both pressures are equal.

A

true

104
Q

What muscles require forceful inspiration?

A
  1. sternocleidomastoid,
  2. scalenes
  3. serratus anterior,
  4. pectoralis minor
105
Q

What happens during forceful inspiration?

A

contraction further elevate and protects ribs; greater increase in thoracic cavity volume

106
Q

true or false: there is a greater increase in thoracic cavity volume and greater decrease in intra-alveolar pressure?

A

true; result in greater inflow into the lungs

107
Q
A
108
Q
A
109
Q
A
110
Q
A
111
Q
A
112
Q
A
113
Q
A
114
Q
A
115
Q
A
116
Q
A
117
Q
A

Biología Humana II (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions