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Biología Humana II > Lymphoid System Part II > Flashcards

Lymphoid System Part II Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Immune Response

A

occurs with the first encounter of a pathogen or non- self antigen. Produce memory cells that recognize the same antigen if it reenters.

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2
Q

Primary Immune Response stimulates _____ and ____ cells.

A

T and B cells; they become activated and proliferate and make clones to destroy antigens.

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3
Q

Secondary Immune Response

A

occurs with another invasion of the same antigen. Memory B and T cells launch a more rapid and intense response.

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4
Q

True or false: There is more than one way for a person to develop immunity to a pathogen

A

true

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5
Q

Active Immunity

A

acquired through the use of a person’s immune response; memory is developed

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6
Q

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

A

person exposed to pathogen; gets sick and recovers –> leaves memory T and B cells to fight later infections via a secondary immune response if it reenters the body

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7
Q

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

A

vaccine of dead, weakened or inactivated pathogens or antigenic parts. Triggers primary immune response that forms memory T and B cells and antibodies to fight the pathogen if it reenters the body.

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8
Q

True or false: booster shots cause a secondary response to boost antibody levels

A

true

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9
Q

Passive Immunity

A

acquired without the activation of a person’s immune response

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10
Q

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity:

A

infants receive maternal antibodies (igG) through placenta and igA via breast milk.

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11
Q

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity:

A

injections of antibodies produced by another person, animal or synthetically (antiserum)

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12
Q

True or false: antiserum used for emergencies when pathogens act too quickly

A

true

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13
Q

Organ transplant

A

viable treatment for person with terminal disease of heart, kidneys and liver

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14
Q

Major challenges in organ rejection

A

lymphoid system recognizes the new organ as non-self and attacks it.

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15
Q

Options to limit chance of rejection:

A
  1. determine compatibility of donor and recipient tissue
  2. Administer immunosuppressive therapy
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16
Q

Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAS) GROUP A

A

determine compatibility of donor and recipient tissue; closer to 100% the better to accept donated organ

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17
Q

immunosuppressive therapy

A

lymphoid system suppressed sufficiently to prevent rejection, but not enough to eliminate immunity against pathogens.
increases cancer risk

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18
Q

Cyclosporine

A

selective immunosuppressive drug that inhibits T cell activity with minimal B cell effect; B cells are still able to provide antibody mediated immunity against pathogens.

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19
Q

True or False: T cells are primarily responsible for organ donor rejection

A

true

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20
Q

True or false: bacterial and viral infections are primary cause of death among transplant recipients.

A

true

21
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (infectious disorder)

A

caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
attacks and kills Th cells
invades macrophages, which serve as a reservoir for the virus
leads to development of secondary diseases that lead to death
no cure; drugs that slow disease progression; virus resistan cells (risky)

22
Q

true or false: with AIDS immune defense decreases

A

true

23
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma

A

AIDS, HIV, complication

24
Q

transmission of AIDS/ HIV occurs via:

A

sexual intercourse (vaginal fluid and semen)
exchanges of blood (needles, exposed wounds, mucous membranes)
childbirth (infected mothers may transmit HIV during birth)

25
Q

True or false: transmission of AIDS and HIV can occur via saliva and tears

A

false

26
Q

Elephantiasis

A

Tropical disease; spread by mosquitos
Greatly swollen lower limbs or other body parts (edematous)

27
Q

What provokes Elephantiasis?

A
  1. Lymphatic vessels blocked by round worms
  2. Fluid accumulates in tissues drained by plugged lymphatic vessel
28
Q

Lymphadenitis (infectious disorder)

A

Inflammation of the lymph node (swollen glands) due to bacterial infection

29
Q

Bubo

A

Severe swollen lymph node

30
Q

Allergy or Hypersensitivity (non- infectious disorder)

A

Abnormally intense response to an antigen harmless to most people.

31
Q

Allergen

A

Can be triggered by a combination of environmental factors, rather than identifiable Difficulty to treat; drugs don’t work

32
Q

Sensitization to an allergen (non infectious disorder)

A

Result in reaction whenever exposure occurs; can be unmediated or delayed

33
Q

When does sensitization to an allergen occur?

A

When allergens bind with IgE antibodies in mast cell surface. These mast cells release histamine, stimulate inflammatory response

34
Q

Localized reaction

A

Unpleasant but not deadly

35
Q

Examples of localized reaction

A

Hay fever, hives, allergy based asthma, digestive disorders

36
Q

Systematic reaction (anaphylaxis)

A

Life threatening; impair breathing and cause circulatory failure due to drop in pressure as blood vessels dilate and fluid moves into tissue

37
Q

True or false in anaphylaxis blood pressure drops

A

True it provokes blood vessel dilation and blood movement to tissue

38
Q

Delayed reaction

A

Appear 1 to 3 days later after antigen exposure; this is due to cytokines from T cells

39
Q

Examples of systematic reaction

A

Bee sting and penicillin

40
Q

Example of delayed reaction

A

Poison ivy

41
Q

Autoimmune diseases

A

Y and B cells recognize body tissues as non self; produce immune response (change in body molecules)

42
Q

Examples of autoimmune disease

A

Rheumatoid arthritis and type I diabetes

43
Q

Which type of cell does diabetes Type I destroy?

A

Beta cells in pancreas

44
Q

Lymphoma

A

Tumor in lymphoid tissue

45
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Malignant lymphoma (cancer of lymphoid tissue involving the production of B cells)

Includes enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue and night sweats
Treatment chemo and radiation; early

46
Q

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

A

Group of disorders resulting from several genetic defects; deficit or absence of both T and B cells; lymphoid system is non functional
.

47
Q

True or false :Infants have little protection against pathogens and usually die in 1 year

A

True

48
Q

Possible treatments for SCID

A

Stem cell transplant from the red bone marrow or umbilical cord blood and gene therapy

Biología Humana II (10 decks)

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