Respiratory System L14-16

Question 1

Role of Respiratory System

Answer 1

Connected organs & structures that function to conduct CLEAN, WARM & MOIST air in close proximity w/ circulatory system’s blood for GAS EXCHANGE.

Question 2

Effective Respiratory System Needs: (4)

Answer 2

• surface for gas exchange (blood & air brought close but separated)
• path for air flow to reach gas exchange surface in optimal conditions
• ability to draw breath in & out
• Sound production & olfaction (smell)

Question 3

Main Components

Answer 3

URT (upper respiratory tract)
LRT
- Thoracic cavity
- joints
- respiratory muscles

Question 4

Nasal Cavity

Answer 4

Olfaction (smelling)

Question 5

Conduction Zone

Answer 5

nose to bronchioles (ensures air is warm, clean & moist))

Question 6

Oral Cavity

Answer 6

Passage for air & food

Question 7

Respiratory Zone

Answer 7

Bronchioles to alveoli
- sites of gas exchange

Question 8

Tract lined with…

Answer 8

mucosa; Epithelium attached via basement membrane to lamina propria (connective tissue)

Question 9

Epithelium…

Answer 9

Changes along lengths of tract to reflect function

Question 10

Submucosa

Answer 10

Layer beneath mucosa
- more connective tissue
- may contain many glands

Question 11

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium (with goblet cells) Found in:

Answer 11

Nasal cavity, part of pharynx, larynx, trachea & bronchi

Question 12

Goblet cells produce…

Answer 12

Mucus which traps debris & moistens air

Question 13

Ciliated cells…

Answer 13

Patterned movement pushes mucus towards pharynx
- swallowed & digested by stomach acid

Question 14

Components of URT

Answer 14

• Nose & Naval Cavity
• Paranasal sinuses
• Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)

Question 15

Function URT

Answer 15

Conducting passage (not just air)
- prepares air for respiratory membrane (gas exchange) ~ warm, clean, moist
- paranasal sinuses ~ resonating chambers for speech
- olfaction ~ sensory receptors for smell

Question 16

Nose (primary passageway for air)

Answer 16

Cartilages: soft, flexible; maintain patent (unobstructed) airway
Nostrils: external nares
Vestibule (lined w/ skin): has sebaceous & sweat glands, hair follicles; vibrissae (hairs) filter inhaled air

Question 17

Conchae

Answer 17

Three projections: superior, middle, inferior (turbinates)
- covered by respiratory epithelium
- swirl inspired air
- particles stick to mucosa
- more time for warming & humidifying of air, plus olfactory detection

Question 18

Nasal Epithelium

Answer 18

• specialised area of olfactory epithelium (area on roof of nasal cavity containing smell (olfactory) receptors

Question 19

Nasal Mucosa

Answer 19

• thin walled vascular plexus
• helps warm incoming air
• when air temp drops, plexus dilates = greater heat transfer
• nose bleeds normally originate from damage here

Question 20

Paranasal Sinuses

Answer 20

sinuses: cavity in bone
paranasal: surrounds nose
- found lined w/ respiratory mucosa
- drain into pharynx
Functions:
- lighten skull
- increased surface area to clean, warm, moisten air
- sound resonance
- infected mucus can block drainage = blocked sinuses

Question 21

Pharynx (throat)

Answer 21

Muscular tube shared by respiratory & digestive systems
- splits into 3 sections of throat

Question 22

Nasopharynx (first section)

Answer 22

Air passage only
- posterior to nasal cavity
- From internal nares to soft palate
- soft palate & uvula block naso- during swallowing to prevent food from entering nasal cavity
- auditory tubes drain here from middle ear
- pharyngeal tonsils on posterior wall

Question 23

Oropharynx (second section)

Answer 23

Air & Food can pass (stratified squamous epithelium = protection against abrasion)
- posterior to oral cavity
- from soft palate to hyoid bone
- palatine tonsils
- lingual tonsils

Question 24

Laryngopharynx

Answer 24

Air & food can pass (stratified squamous epithelium)
- from hyoid to opening of larynx/beginning of oesophagus
- ends at lvl where respiratory & digestive tract
- Food has “right of way” during swallowing

Question 25

Components of LRT

Answer 25

• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli

Question 25

Larynx

Question 25

Trachea

Question 25

Lungs

Question 26

Bronchial Tree

Question 27

Respiratory Zone

Question 28

Alveolus