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HUBS192 > POPH192 14-16 > Flashcards

POPH192 14-16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is POPH?

A

Health outcomes of a group of individuals, including distribution of such outcomes within the group
- it is at group level, not individual level

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2
Q

Group of Individuals

A

Geographical, country, small areas

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3
Q

How is health distributed in NZ (characteristics)

A

Differing outcomes by sex, age, ethnicity, gender socio-economic status, etc.

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4
Q

Assessing Socioeconomic Status criteria (OILED)

A

Occupation
Income
Deprivation
Education
Living standards measures

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5
Q

NZDep

A

Area based, complex measure of relative socioeconomic deprivation that considers range of aspects (not everything)

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6
Q

Low NZDep VS High NZDep

A

Higher = more deprived w/ 10 being the most deprived and 1 being the least
- NZDep increase = poor health increase

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7
Q

Determinants of Health (5)

A
  • Individual factors
  • Individual lifestyle factors
  • Social & community influences
  • Living & working conditions
  • General socioeconomic climate, cultural & environmental condition
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8
Q

DALY (disability-adjusted life year)

A

Measure of overall disease burden, expressed as number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death
One DALY = One year of healthy life lost

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9
Q

YLDs (Years lived w/ disability)

A

Measure of non-fatal health loss. Takes into account #people in health state of interest (prevalence/incidence times duration) & severity of health state (disability weight)

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10
Q

YLLs (Years of Life Lost)

A

Measure of fatal health loss. Takes into account # deaths & age at death

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11
Q

Demographic Transition

A

Changes in pop. death & birth rates over time (growth & change in pop. over time)

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12
Q

Epidemiological Transition

A

Changes in pop. disease patterns over time (communicable disease & non-communicable diseases)

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13
Q

Defining the Problem…

A

Determines Health status
Observing trends overtime
Noting impact among diff groups (more accurate theories of causes; most effective interventions; targeting highest risk pop. groups)

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14
Q

Measures of Occurence

A

Prevalence
Incidence Proportion
Incidence Rate

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15
Q

Prevalence Limitations

A
  • Influenced by disease duration
  • doesn’t tell us abt disease development (time)
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16
Q

Incidence Proportion

A

Proportion of outcome-free pop. that develops outcome of interest in specified time period
- must be at risk (can’t alrdy have condition + must be able to develop
- est. risk of disease development

17
Q

Incidence Rate

A

New cases - speed
- Needs person-time - not always available, complex

18
Q

Prevalence

A

Proportion of pop. who have disease at one pt. in time
- observation of burden of disease for efficient + effective resource allocation

19
Q

Prevalence Calculation

A

no. of ppl w/ disease at given pt. in time
(divided by)
total no. of ppl in pop. at given pt. in time

20
Q

Measure of Occurrence Reporting (5)
- MEPTV

A
  1. Measure of occurrence
  2. Exposure/outcome
  3. Pop.
  4. Time pt.
  5. Value
    e.g., The prevalence/of asthma/in the POPH192 class/on August 15 2022/was 10%.
    (incidence rate no time pt)
21
Q

P = I x D (don’t use as actual formula)

A

Changes to incidence & duration can affect disease prevalence
- an estimation

22
Q

Incidence

A

Occurrence of new cases of outcome in pop. during specified time period

23
Q

Incidence Proportion Calculation

A

ppl who develop disease in specified period

(divided by)
#ppl at risk of developing disease at start of period

24
Q

Incidence Proportion Limitations

A
  • Assumes closed pop. (doesn’t account for ppl coming/going)
  • time period dependent (longer time period = higher incidence proportion)
25
Q

Incidence Rate

A

Rate at which new cases of outcome of interest occur in pop.
*must be at risk (can’t be a case)
- lost to follow-up (try & maximise full-term participation)
- follow up time ends too early
*person-time
- 12 person-months = 1 person-years
- adding together time of follow-up until exit, death, case (outcome)

26
Q

Incidence Rate Calculation

A

ppl who develop disease in specified period

(divided by)
#person-years at risk of developing disease

27
Q

Incidence Rate Limitations

A
  • person time availability
  • complex calculations
28
Q

Age Standardisation

A

Used when comparing pop. that differ in age structure + disease risk varies by age

HUBS192 (11 decks)

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