Respiratory System And Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Describe the pathway of oxygen from the air into the body
Air enters nose or mouth
Air travel down trachea
Trachea divides into two tubes called Bronchi
Bronchi divide into smaller bronchioles
At end of each bronchiole are tiny sacks called Alveoli
What are the respiratory systems 2 main function?
To transport oxygen into the body
To remove CO2 from the body
What are the three ways in which the alveoli and capillaries encourage gaseous texchange?
Larger surface area of alveoli
Walls of alveoli and capillaries are only one cell thick
Each alveoli is surrounded by capillaries
Describe breathing in
Intercostal muscles contract and pull ribs up
Diaphragm contracts and flattens moves downwards
Describe exhaling
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
This makes the chest captivity smaller
What is aerobic exercise ?
Exercise with oxygen
Working at a low intensity
Can exercise for a long time
What’s anaerobic exercise?
Exercise without oxygen
Working at a high intensity
Can only do this for a short amount of time
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air inhaled and exhale per breath
What is vital capacity?
The maximum amount of air you can forcibly breathe in an out
What is residual volume?
The amount of air left in the lungs after maximum breathing out
What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?
To deliver oxygen to the working muscles
To remove waste products, e.g. CO2 and lactic acid
Return blood to lungs
Arteries take blood…
Away from the heart
Veins bring blood…
Back to the heart
What is the stroke volume?
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute
Describe the process of when blood enters the heart when blood is ejected from the heart.
Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium
The heart contracts and blood passes through a valve into the right ventricle
The pulmonary artery transports the deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Gas exchange takes place resulting in oxygenated blood
The pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood back to the heart where it enters the left atrium
Blood passes through a valve into the left ventricle
Oxygenated blood is ejected from the heart and is transported to the body via the aorta
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart
What do veins do?
Carry blood towards the heart
What do capillaries do?
Tiny vessels found around muscles and organs
What’s the structure of arteries?
Thick muscular walls to cope with high-pressure
What’s the structure of veins?
Thinner walls
What is the structure of capillaries?
Very narrow lumen only one cell through at a time
What is vasoconstriction?
Narrowing of the diameter of arteries to decrease blood flow
What is vasodilation?
Widening of the diameter of arteries to increase blood flow
How do you calculate heart rate?
220 – your age
What is an aerobic training zone?
Target zone equals 60 to 80
Lower threshold – 60% of Max HR
Upper threshold – 80% of Max HR
What is a anaerobic training zone?
Target zone – 80 to 90
Lowest threshold – 80% of Max HR
Upper threshold 90% of Max HR
